RHAMNACEAE, 120 
KOELREUTERIA. Varnish Tree. 
Deciduous trees with pale wood with small ducts, -larger 
and more crowded in spring, and fine closely but unequally 
spaced medullary rays; moderate rounded twigs; roundish con- 
tinuous rather large pith; alternate raised or moderate shield- 
or crescent-shaped leaf-scars with 3 sometimes compound bun- 
dle-traces; no stipule-scars; sessile broadly ovoid buds with 
about 2 exposed pointed scales; odd-pinnate large leaves with 
coarsely toothed leaflets; small yellow perfect polypetalous flow- 
ers in large panicles; and bladder-like few-seeded fruits. 
Leaflets often lobed as well as toothed. K. paniculata. 
SAPINDUS. Soapberry. 
Usually trees, evergreen or deciduous, with scaly brown 
bark; yellowish ring-porous wood with wavy tangential wood- 
parenchyma pattern and very fine medullary rays; rather slen- 
der somewhat angled twigs; continuous roundish pith; alter- 
nate somewhat raised shield-shaped leaf-scars with 3 groups of 
aggregated bundle-traces; no stipule-scars; abruptly pinnate 
leaves, with oblique falcate entire firm veiny leaflets; super- 
posed scaly round buds; inconspicuous polygamous polypetalous 
flowers in terminal clusters; and round finally black berries 
with hard seeds. 
Leaflets acuminate: petals ovate. S. Drummondii. 
Family RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family. 
A rather small family, yielding the drug cascara sagrada; 
the fruit of one Zizyphus is supposed to be the intoxicating 
lotus of the ancients: some species are used in shrubbery masses. 
BERCHEMIA. Supple-Jack. 
Deciduous twiners with tender terete stems with round ho- 
mogeneous pith; brownish wood with rather small diffused 
ducts and fine medullary rays; alternate small raised elliptical 
or crescent-shaped leaf-scars with 1 elliptical bundle-trace; ap- 
pressed ovoid-conical buds with about 2 exposed scales; nearly 
entire rather ovate moderate leaves; small more or less polyga- 
