VITACEAE, 131 
3. Leaves glabrous, small (50 mm.), 4-ranked. R. Frangula. 
Leaves puberulent beneath, longer, 5-ranked..  R. caroliniana. 
PALIuRUS. Jerusalem Thorn. 
Deciduous shrubs or small trees with hard brownish wood; 
very slender zig-zag terete twigs; small roundish pith; alternate 
2-ranked half-round somewhat raised minute leaf-scars with 3 
usually confluent bundle-traces; small stipules some of them 
transformed into spines, one of each pair often straight and 
the other curved; small sessile ovoid buds with about 3 ex- 
posed scales; small elliptical nearly entire petioled leaves; small 
yellowish perfect polypetalous flowers in small axillary clus- 
ters; and rather large indehiscent hat-shaped dry winged fruit. 
Leaves 3-nerved, serrulate or oblique. P. Spina-Christi. 
ZIZYPHUS. Jujube. 
Deciduous (or in warm countries evergreen) shrubs or 
small trees with firm pale wood with minute diffused ducts 
and very fine and close, medullary rays; rather slender terete 
twigs; more or less angular continuous pith; alternate small 
crescent-shaped somewhat raised leaf-scars with 3  bundle- 
traces; rounded buds with several exposed scales; small rounded 
stipule-scars or unequal stipular spines: small axillary often 
clustered perfect polypetalous flowers; and rather small drupe- 
like fruits, . 
Leaves glabrous: fruit nearly sessile. Z. sativa. 
Leaves woolly beneath: fruit stalked. Z.. }ugaba: 
Family VITACEAE. Vine Family. 
A rather small family of tendril-climbers, celebrated as the 
source of wine and furnishing the market with grapes, raisins 
and dried currants: the woodbines or creepers include some of 
the best close-clinging climbers. 
AMPELOPSIS, 
Deciduous close-barked shrubs climbing by coiling tendrils 
or in some species nearly or quite without tendrils and bush- 
like, with sympodial branches with pale sub-continuous rounded 
