144 CLETHRACEAE. 
Leaves prickly: leaflets stalked, whitened and glabrate 
beneath, with upcurved veins, (Tear blanket). A. spinosa. 
Leaves nearly unarmed: leaflets nearly sessile, pubescent, 
with straight veins, (Dimorphanthus). A chinensis. 
HeEpERA. Ivy. 
Evergreen shrubs, climbing by aerial roots, with pale wood 
with minute ducts rather crowded in spring and tangentially 
seriate in summer, and very coarse medullary rays interspersed 
between the more numerous finer ones; moderate roundish twigs; 
rounded spongy pale pith; alternate somewhat raised U- 
shaped leaf-scars with 5 bundle-traces; no stipule-scars; ovoid 
sessile buds with several exposed scales; broadly ovate palmately 
lobed (or, on fruiting plants and capable of being propagated 
separately as a bush, lanceolate and unlobed) moderate leaves; 
small perfect greenish polypetalous flowers in panicled umbels; 
and few-seeded inferior berries. 
Leaves of young plants usually 5-lobed, pale-veined. H. Helix. 
Family CLETHRACEAE. Pepperbush Family. 
A very small family of no considerable importance: the 
following rather effective in shrubberies. 
| CLETHRA, Pepper bush. White Alder. 
Usually deciduous shrubs with flaking bark; brownish wood 
with minute diffused ducts and close relatively heavy medullary 
rays; moderate angled twigs; angled homogeneous pale pith; 
alternate low crescent- or shield-shaped small leaf-scars with 1 
bundle-trace; small hairy buds stalked or usually developing the 
first season; moderately large toothed short-stalked leaves; small 
perfect cup-shaped polypetalous flowers in elongated terminal 
clusters; and small rounded capsules. 
1. Leaves scarcely widened upwards. C. acuminata. 
Leaves widest above the middle: stamens glabrous. 2. 
2. Leaves glabrate. 3. 
Leaves persistently stellate-hairy beneath. C. tomentosa. 
3. Flowers white. C, alnifolia. 
Flowers rosy. C. alnifolia rosea. 
