158 OLEACEAE, 
STYRAX, 
Shrubs or small trees with pale wood with small crowded 
vernal ducts, minute summer ducts, and very fine medullary 
rays; rather slender terete twigs; small rounded continuous 
pith; alternate small somewhat raised half-round leaf-scars with 
a single curved bundle-trace; no stipule-scars; ovoid appressed 
superposed buds with a single exposed scale; moderate short- 
petioled nearly entire leaves; rather small perfect bell-shaped 
gamopetalous flowers in eas racemes; and dry few-seeded 
small fruit. 
1. Leaves tomentose beneath. S. grandifolia. 
Leaves glabrate beneath. 2. 
2. Pedicels for a time somewhat scurfy. S. americana. 
Pedicels glabrous. S. japonica. . 
Family OLEACEAE. Olive Family. 
A moderate-sized family yielding the pickled olives and 
olive-oil of commerce, ash lumber, etc., and including a number 
of the most prized decorative shrubs. 
FRAXINUS. Ash. 
Deciduous rather large trees with hard white or brownish 
wood with a crowded vernal zone of moderately large ducts, 
fewer and smaller ducts in a more or less marked transverse 
wavy pattern in the summer wood, and numerous fine medullary 
rays; rather stout more or less compressed twigs; elliptical or 
6-sided rather large pale homogeneous pith; opposite large low 
shield-shaped or half-round leaf-scars with many bundle-traces in 
a single aggregate series; no stipule-scars; sessile often super- 
posed rounded buds with 1 or 2 exposed pairs of scales; nor- 
mally odd-pinnate large stalked leaves; small mostly imperfect 
and apetalous flowers in lateral clusters; and winged fruits. 
1. Twigs acutely 4-angled, or 4-winged: buds gray: 
fruit broad, winged all around. F. quadrangulata. 
‘Twigs not acutely angled. 2. 
