172 CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 
gential pattern, and rather fine medullary rays; stout terete twigs 
often with large lenticels; large continuous rounded pith; opposite 
rather large somewhat crescent-shaped leaf-scars with 3-5 bundle- 
traces; no stipule-scars; ovoid often superposed or collaterally 
multiplied buds with several pairs of scales; pinnate leaves with 
toothed or sometimes incised leaflets; small perfect gamopetalous 
wheel-shaped white flowers in large showy clusters; and small 
normally black or red inferior 3-seeded berries. 
4) Path, browne .fsuit ced: 2: 
Pith white: fruit typically black. 6. 
2. Petioles downy. (American red-berried elder). S. pubens. 
Petioles glabrous. (European red-berried elder). 3. 
. Leaves green, 4. 
Leaves yellow. 5. 
&o 
4. Leaves not laciniate. S. racemosa. 
Leaves laciniate. S. racemosa plumosa. 
5. Leaves not laciniate. S. racemosa aurea. 
Leaves laciniate. S. racemosa plumosa aurea. 
6. Leaves rather firm: fruit small (3 mm.) European. 7. 
Leaves rather thin: fruit larger (4-5 mm.). American. 10. 
7. Leaves green. 8. 
Leaves partly or wholly yellow or white. 9. 
8. Leaves not laciniate. S. nigra. 
Leaves laciniate. S. nigra laciniata. 
9g. Leaves whitish. S. nigra argentea. 
Leaves entirely yellow. S. nigra aurea. 
Leaves variegated with yellow. S. nigra variegata. 
10. Leaves green. II. 
Leaves yellow or variegated. 14. 
11. Leaves not laciniate. 12. 
Leaves laciniate. S. canadensis laciniata. 
12. Leaves glabrescent. 13. 
Leaves soft-pubescent. S. canadensis submollis. 
13. Fruit nearly black. S. canadensis. 
Fruit greenish. S. canadensis chlorocarpa. 
14. Leaves solidly yellow. S. canadensis aurea. 
Leaves with yellowish variegation. S. canadensis variegata. 
