180 GLOSSARY, 
Basal, or radical. Leaves that are clustered near the ground. 
Berry. A fleshy fruit, usually small. 
Bipinnate. Twice, or doubly, pinnate. — 
Bladdery. Thin-walled and much larger than the seeds (fruit of 
the bladder-nut). 
Blistered. With elevations filled with resin (bark of fir). 
Bract. A modified leaf of the inflorescence. Several bracts form 
an involucre. The seed-scales of cones in Pinaceae are in the 
axils of bracts. 
Branch. One of the coarser divisions of a trunk or main stem: 
loosely, any division of the stem. 
Bristly. With stiff hairs. 
Bronzing. Turning bronze- or copper-color. 
Bud. The undeveloped end or branch of a stem; usually referring 
to the stage in which the growing tips pass the winter or dry 
season; also applied to undeveloped flowers or flower-clusters. 
Winter-buds are usually scaly or protected by specialized re- 
duced leaves or their parts, but sometimes naked when their 
outer envelopes develop into leaves in the spring. Though 
normally one occurs in each leaf-axil, this is accompanied by . 
an accessory bud at each side (collateral) often in oak, silver 
maple, etc.: or several buds may occur one above the other 
(superposed) in ash, walnut, Kentucky coffee tree, etc., with 
the uppermost of the series largest; or in honeysuckle, where 
the lowermost is largest. 
Bunched. Polyadelphous or in several tufts (stamens of linden). 
Bundle-traces. The broken ends—as seen on the leaf-scar—of 
woody strands passing from the stem into a leaf: often simple 
and definite in number and position (1 in rhododendron, 3 in 
elm); sometimes broken or aggregated in similarly placed 
groups (buckeye, hickory), or consolidated in a crescent- or 
U-shaped or elliptical series (ash) ; less commonly numerous 
and irregularly scattered (oak). 
Calyx. The outer set of leaves of a flower. 
Canescent. Ash-colored, with fine close hairs. 
Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit (rose-of-Sharon, mock-orange). 
Carpel. A simple pistil, or one member of a compound pistil. 
