184 ae GLOSSARY. 
Epigynous. With calyx, corolla and stamens apparently origi- 
nating from the upper part of the ovary, as in the apple. 
Evanescent. Quickly disappearing. 
Evergreen. Holding green foliage through the winter. 
Excavated. Hollowed between nodes, as applied to pith. 
Exfoliating. Peeling away (papery bark of canoe birch). 
Falcate. Sickle-shaped, curved to one side. 
Family. A natural group of plants comprising one or more 
genera. Family names are usually derived from the name 
of one of their genera, and then end in aceae. 
Fastigiate. With upright branches (Lombardy poplar). . 
Filiform. Long and slender or thread-like, as applied to twigs, 
petioles or flower-stalks. 
Fissured. Torn lengthwise, as applied to bark or pith. 
Flaking. The same as shredding, with shorter fragments. 
Flame-shaped. Wavily branching from the pith toward the 
bark, as applied to duct-pattern of such woods as chestnut 
and oak, seen in cross-section. ' 
Fleshy or succulent. Employed in contrast with membrana- 
ceous, leathery, etc., for leaves: in contrast with hard, for 
stems in some cases; and in contrast with dry when ripe, 
for fruits. 
Flower-scar. The scar from which a flower has fallen. 
Fluted. Ridged lengthwise (sycamore bud, young oak twig). 
Foliage sprays. Twigs which finally fall away carrying the 
small leaves. with them; sometimes at end of the first 
season (bald cypress, tamarisk), sometimes after several 
years (arbor vitae). 
Foliar shoots. The same as foliage sprays. 
Follicle. A small dry fruit opening down one edge. 
Fusiform. Spindle-shaped: rounded in cross-section and tapered 
to base and apex. 
Gamopetalous. With the petals grown together, as in a mor- 
ning glory, or at least at the base. 
Genus. A natural group of plants comprising one or more 
species. Generic names of trees ending in us are feminine. 
Glabrate. Nearly glabrous. 
