GLOSSARY, IQI 
Resin-passages. Intercellular spaces in the wood of conifers: 
appearing as pores in cross section, and so capable of being 
mistaken for ducts—which are absent from such wood. 
Resinous. With copious resin (wood of pine, buds of fir, etc.). 
Reticulate. Netted, like the finer veins of an oak leaf or the 
ridges on the stone of a hackberry fruit. 
Retrorse. Turned backward or downward. 
Revolute. With the margin rolled back, as applied to leaves. 
Rhombic. Four-sided with the opposed sides parallel, but not 
rectangular: diamond-shaped. 
Ribbed. With longitudinal ridges more prominent than is in- 
dicated by striate, and more distinct and clearly isolated than 
fluted indicates. 
Ring-porous. Wood in which each year’s layer is marked by 
large or crowded ducts in the spring growth: contrasted 
with diffused-porous. 
Rugose. Wrinkled. 
Salver-shaped. With a slender tube and spreading border, like 
the corolla of phlox. 
Samara. A winged fruit (ash, maple, elm, ailanthus). 
Sap. As here used, the fluid that flows from a freshly cut twig 
or leaf-stalk. 
Scale. As usually employed, a reduced leaf: also one of the 
parts of the cone of the pine etc., or of a winter bud; or of 
the scurf on a leaf or twig, etc. 
Scaly. Detaching in flakes (white oak), as applied to bark: 
with finally hard and dry sometimes woolly or varnished 
leaves or stipules, as applied to winter-buds. 
Scape. A flower-stalk coming from a cluster of basal leaves 
(hyacinth). 
Scattered. Not in any of the usual definite groups, as applied to 
leaves, ducts, bundle-traces, etc. 
Scrambling plants. Imperfect climbers, lacking aerial roots and 
tendrils and not twining, but sometimes aided by prickles 
(rose) or short strong hairs (hop). 
Scurfy. With scale-like pubescence rather than hairs. 
Seed. The ripened ovule, containing an embryo plant. 
