194 GLOSSARY. 
Stipules. The small basal outgrowths of a leaf: sometimes 
attached to its stalk (rose); occasionally more than 2 
(viburnum) ; exceptionally hardened into spines (locust) : 
usually small or falling early in the season. 
Stipule-scars. Scars on the twigs, from which stipules have 
_ fallen: sometimes forming a narrow line around the node 
(magnolia), but usually short and small. 
Stomatiferous. Bearing stomata or “breathing pores.” 
Stone. The hard inner part of a drupe. 
Striate. Striped, usually by alternating ridges and grooves. 
Style. The prolonged apex of a pistil or carpel. 
Sub-. Often used as a prefix in the sense of nearly, as in sub- 
globose, subglabrous, subsessile, submarginal. 
‘Succulent. Fleshy (leaf of aloe or stonecrop, stem of cactus). 
‘Suckers. Adhering disks on tendrils (Boston ivy). 
‘Sulcate. Grooved. 
‘Summer wood. That formed in summer of each year, hence the 
outer part of the annual layer: often with the fine ducts in 
a characteristic grouping when seen in cross section. 
‘Sunken. In depressions (buds of button-bush and coffee-tree). 
-Superposed. One above another (buds of honeysuckle and 
4... Walnut). 
‘Supra-axillary. Above rather than in the axil. 
.Sympodial. Continuing the growth by development of an axil- 
Jary bud and not a terminal bud, either internode after inter- 
node (grape), or season after season (elm), as applied to 
twigs. 
“Tangential. At right angles to the medullary rays, as applied to 
the duct pattern of stitch woods as elm: contrasted with 
radial. 
Tendril. A leaf (clematis) or stem (grape) modifled to form 
a specialized climbing organ. 
Terete. Round in cross-section, as applied to twigs etc. 
Thorn. The same as spine: a pungent modification of leaf or 
twig; contrasted with prickles or superficial pungent out- 
growths. 
