196 GLOSSARY. 
Undershrub. A woody plant forming the ground-covering 
under or between trees and larger shrubs : here made to in- 
clude evergreen herbs. 
Urceolate. Urn-shaped (flowers of heath). 
Valvate. With the edges meeting but not overlapping, as applied 
to sepals, bud-scales, etc. 
Variegated. Striped or margined or mottled with some color 
other than green, as applied to leaves., 
Variety. A subdivision of a species. When written trinomially, 
as in this book, varietal names that are adjectives agree in 
number and gender with the generic name: when prefixed 
by the abbreviation var., they are feminine. 
Veins. The woody bundles in a leaf. 
Velvety. Essentially the same as downy. 
Vernal. The same as spring, as applied to wood. 
Vertical. With edges vertical, as applied to foliage-sprays. 
Villous. With long spreading hairs. — 
Vine. A slender-stemmed climbing or trailing plant: classically, 
the grape vine. 
Weeping. Conspicuously drooping or pendent, as applied to 
branches and twigs. 
Whorl. <A group of 3 or more branches, flowers, or leaves, 
coming from one point on the stem. Whorled. leaves are 
frequently found in place of opposite leaves (deutzia, 
hydrangea), but rarely replace alternate leaves (desert wil- 
low). 
Winged. With thin border or appendage (fruit of elm or 
maple, twigs of some species of spindle tree, etc.). 
Winter-node. The point at which a winter bud has existed: 
usually marked by crowded narrow scars corresponding to 
the fallen scales after the bud has developed. 
Wood-parenchyma. Tissue that accompanies ducts and trache- 
_. ides in the wood. 
Woolly. Pubescent with long curving tangled hairs. 
