156 



JOURNAL OF THE NEW JER ^EY 



Conic or Conical, cone shaped (Fig. 32). 

 Constricted, with a narrow i)art. 

 Contractile, capable of being much 



contracted. 

 Convex, bulging or rounded outward. 

 Cordate, heart-shaped. 

 Coriaceous, leather-like, or tough like 



leather. 

 Corneous, horn-like, or consisting of 



horny substance. 

 Corroded, eaten off, as the epidermis 



of many shells. 

 Corrugations, wrinkles or ridges. ^ 

 Costate, liaving ribs or rib-like ridges 



(Fig. 35). 

 Crenahd, having the edges forined of 



many little rounded lobes (Fig. 7). 

 Crepusrular, coming out in the even- 

 ing. 

 Cresceitic, having a form like the 



crescent mc>on. 



Dead shdls, those in Avhich the ani- 

 mal died before the shell was gath- 

 ered. 



Deciduous, coming oft' soon, as the 

 epidermis of shells vz-hich peel off. 



Decollated, having the end cut short 

 off, or truncated. 



Decusmted, intersected with cross 

 lines. 



Deflected, bent downward, as the last 

 whorl of some univalves. 



Dentate, having the edge formed of 

 many sharp points. 



Denticulate, mjnutely dentate. 



Denuded, mad'e bare, or worn off. 



Depressed, flattened, as when the spire 

 is fiat or nearly so. 



Dextral, right handed; applied to 

 shells which, when held so that the 

 spire is upward and the aperture 

 towards the person, the a])erture is 

 on the right hand side (Fig. 38). 



Diaphanous, somewhat transparent, or 

 at least transluceilt. 



Discoidal, liaving the shape of a flat- 

 tened disc. 



Dorsal, pertaining to the back ; in 

 bivalves, it is the hinge edge. 



Eared, with projecting wing-like parts 

 at the sides of the umbones, as in 

 Fig. 4. 



Eaves, the projecting edges of the gir- 

 dle over the valves in chitons. 



Effuse, having the lips separated by a 



groove. 

 Elliptical, having an oval or elliptical 



form. 

 Emarginate, obtusely notched. 

 Entire, the edge even ; no notches of 



any kind. 

 Epidermis, the skin or membrane 



covering most shells. 

 Epiphragm, the membrane formed of 



mucus, which closes the aperture of 



many land shells during the winter. 

 Equilateral, in bivalve shells, when 



tbe umbo is about central (Fig. 4). 

 Equivalue, in bivalve shells, when the 



valves are of equal si/.e and bulge 



alike (Fig. 6). 

 Eroded, worn oft". 

 Estuf.ry, the mouth of a river where 



the tide meets the current. 

 Everted, turned more or less inside 



out, or widely spreading. 

 Expanding, widely spreading or 



trumpet-shaped, as the aperture of 



some shells. 



Filamentous, slender, thread like. 



Fissure, a notch. 



Flat, used with reference to the per- 

 istome when straight. 



Fluviatile, inhabiting flowing streams. 



Fragile, easily broken. 



Free, not flxed or fastened. 



Fusiform, spindle-shaped ; thicj^ in 

 the centre and tapering both ways 

 (Fig. 48). 



Gaping, applied to bivalve shells 

 which do not tit closely when closed 

 (Fig. 10). 



Gelatinous, jelly like. 



Gibbous, rounded outward like the 

 gibbous moon. 



6r///s, breathing organs of water ani- 

 mals; often external in the sea 

 slugs (Figs. 28-31). 



Girdle, the leather-like border of 

 chitons (Fig. 44), 



Gladius, the horny quill-pen like part 

 found in the bodies of squids (Fig. 

 65). 



Globose, rounded or globular. 



Glutinous, sticky, slimy or gummy. 



Gonial ridge, the ridge often found in 

 bivalve shells extending from the 

 umbo to the gonium. Fig. 11, 

 dotted line A C, shows position of 

 gonial ridge. 



