8 INTRODUCTION. 
examined, but the mud should be sifted with the scoop in search of 
bivalves. 
By the water’s edge the stalks and leaves of flags, rushes, and 
sedges should be examined for the Szcczee, which are amphibious. 
On the mud Lzmne@a truncatula and other species are found. 
On land search all moist and shady spots, especially during and 
after rain, under logs, stones, among dead leaves and decaying vegeta- 
tion, among nettles and healthy vegetation, on the bark of trees and 
at their roots among the moss, on old stone walls, and in damp cellars. 
Acicula lineata and some of the Azzons feed on dead fungi which 
should therefore be examined. Mr. Roebuck once informed me that 
Mr. Soppitt had observed that Papa angiica particularly affects the moss 
Hypnum cuspidatum, a fact which I subsequently had the pleasure 
of verifying at Scarborough. <Agrzolimax levis and Hyalinia niteda 
are found by the side of water in very wet places. The rejectamenta 
of rivers after floods often yield a good harvest, but the uncertainty 
of exact locality in this case is a drawback unless we can tell where 
the shells have been brought from, which is generally impossible. 
Last, and perhaps least, search trunks of trees. Bze/2mznus mon- 
Zanus is our only species that makes trees its usual habitat, which are sup- 
posed to be its feeding and breeding ground. In the South of England, 
however, during the summer shells do ascend trees in great numbers. 
In the beech woods of Cooper’s Hill, near Cheltenham, Mr. Oldham 
observed Helix hispida var. hispidosa, H. nemoralis, H. rufescens, 
Pupa secale, Claustlia bidentata, C. laminata, Buliminus obscurus, 
B. montanus, and Cyclostoma elegans on the trunks, and a subsequent 
visit of my own to this conchologists’ paradise confirmed his obser- 
vations with the exception of C. e/egans. The late Mr. C. Ashford 
also mentions AHelzx aspersa (Q. J. C., vol. v., p. 160) ‘‘a dozen or 
more stationed in the day-time on the upper branches of a Gezzzsta in 
the Public Gardens of Bournemouth.” I have witnessed this in Kent ; 
