VERTIGO. 99 
This minute species is found in most parts of Great 
Britain and Ireland at the roots of grass, and under stones 
and logs in dry as well as moist situations, often in colonies. 
It differs from the last species in being much smaller 
and more cylindrical in form. The outer lip, moreover, 
is not constricted or angulated. 
Var. I. pallida (Jeff.). Lighter and narrower. 
Var. Il. guddridentata ( Stud.). With 2 palatal teeth. 
4. V. ALPESTRIS (inhabiting elevated situations) Alder. 
PIV: b V7: 
Sub-cylindrical, semi-transparent, glossy, light horn-colour, some- 
times striate in the line of growth; whov/s 43, convex; spire short, 
blunt; sz¢eve excessively deep; south semi-oval and sub-angular; 
teeth 4, visible from the outside from the thinness of the shell (1 on 
body, 1 on columella, 2 within outer ip); wmbz¢licus small but deep. 
A. 2mm. B. Imm. 
This shell differs from the last species in being more 
cylindrical, paler, and nearly transparent, and it has no 
strengthening rib on the outer margin. ‘The striations 
are sometimes very faint. 
It isa rare and local species, being confined to a few 
of the northern counties of England, with the exception 
of a single locality in Ireland (Coleraine), where I took a 
specimen that the late Dr. Jeffreys kindly authenticated. 
I have not heard of another authentic Irish record. 
5. V. SUBSTRIATA (slightly striated) Jeffreys. Pl. IV., f. 18. 
Ovate, thin, semi-transparent, glossy, very strongly and obliquely 
striate in the line of growth; whor7s 45, cylindrical; spzve very abrupt ; 
