140 PALUDINID&. 
This species and the next are often found coated with 
confervoid, which can sometimes be removed by hot water 
and soap applied with a soft nail-brush. Both this and 
the following species are viviparous. 
It inhabits rivers (usually sluggish), canals, and ponds, 
as far north as Lancashire and Yorkshire, but it has not 
been hitherto recorded for Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. 
It is a local species, by no means so common as FV. 
vivipara. 
Var. virescens (Jeff.). Without bands. 
2. V. VIViPARA (producing young alive) Linné. Pl. VIIL., f. 6. 
Conical, but more oval than the last species, not so glossy as V. 
contecta; lighter in colour and more solid ; whorls 633 suture not so 
deep as V. contecta; umbilicus none ; operculum moderately thick. 
A. 38mm. B. 30 mm. 
This species, found within a slightly more extended 
range than the last, is much more common. It has 
not, as yet, been recorded for Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. 
The two species may be readily distinguished by the 
following characteristics :—- 
V. CONTECTA. V. VIVIPARA. 
Conical. _ More oval. 
Rather glossy. Not so glossy. 
Dark bluish green. Light greenish yellow. 
Suture very deep. Not so deep. 
Umbilicus distinct. Umbilicus none. 
‘Texture thin. More solid. 
Apex sharp. Apex blunt. 
Operculum thin. Operculum slightly thicker. 
