29 
towards the end of November, but principally from May through 
October. There are but shght indications of a vernal pulse, which 
on May 25, 1897, culminates at 3,600,000. The major pulse cul- 
minates at 10,800,000 on August 9, 1898. In the low water and 
prolonged high temperatures of 1897 the major pulse continues 
through September, culminating on the 21st at 32,000,000. The 
average number in this year was about four times as great as in 
1898. The temperature limit is 43°, though occurrences are few 
and numbers small below 65°. The maximum development appears 
within the period of maximum heat, and towards its close. It is 
characteristic of the plankton of late summer and early autumn. 
Crucigema rectangularis Nag.*—Average number of colonies, 
7,153,846. Recorded in all months but March and April, but spar- 
ingly from November till May. In 1897 pulses appeared in August, 
September, and October, attaining 32,400,000, 57,600,000, and 
118,800,000, respectively. In 1898 there was but a single pulse— 
in August, of 158,400,000. It was more abundant in the former 
year. It is present continuously in large numbers from July to 
October, though in 1897 the impetus of the unusual development 
was manifested by the continuance of the species even into Janu- 
ary. The optimum temperatures lie above 70°, in the latter part 
of the period of maximum heat, though the species has been found 
in the plankton throughout the whole range of temperatures. The 
abrupt decline in numbers occurs between 65° and 40°. It is char- 
acteristic of the plankton of late summer and early autumn. 
Golenkinia radiata Chodat.—Average number of colonies, 
519,231. It appears most abundantly during the April-May plank- 
ton pulse (7,200,000) and again, in increased numbers, at the end of 
August, thus suggesting a vernal and a late summer maximum. It 
geems to be most abundant at about 60°, a temperature somewhat 
below the optimum for the two preceding species. Two occur- 
rences in December, 1896, and large numbers in August indicate its 
adaptability to the full range of temperatures. 
Oocystis naegelaa A. Br.*—Average number, 207,692. In 1897, 
much more abundant (average, 4,243,235). Present in numbers 
(over 5,000,000) from the end of May till the end of September. 
In 1897, pulses of 10,800,000, 46,800,000, and 24,750,000 appear in 
May, July, and September respectively. Both numbers and oc- 
currences are much less in 1898. The optimum conditions thus lie 
