17 



purified by reciystallising with animal charcoal. Long, colourless 

 tufts of needles of silky lustre, losing the water at 100°, of bitter 

 taste, fusing at 170°; slowly soluble in cold, most readily in boiling 

 water, sparingly in alcohol, scarcely in ether, not precipitable by 

 metallic salts; do not reduce the salts of copper; separate when 

 boiled with diluted sulphuric acid into grape-sugar and hydro- 

 kinon (rzCi2 He O4, Kawalier's Arctuvin); become transformed 

 into kinon and formic acid by heating with superoxyd of manga- 

 nese and suljihuric acid. 



Arctuvin. See Arbutin. 



Al'ibill=iC46 H20 N4 + 16 HO. In the bark of Pinckneya 

 pubens. Extract with water and sulphuric acid, concentrate, re- 

 move the gypsum, neutralise almost completely with carbonate of 

 soda, precipitate with acetate of lead, filter, treat with sulphuret 

 of hydrogen, filter, precijjitate with carbonate of soda and shake 

 repeatedly with ether. Add hydrochloric acid to the ethereous 

 solution, collect the chloride of A . precipitated thereby, purify by 

 recry stall ising, shake its aqueoiis solution with carbonate of soda 

 and ether, and leave the ethereous solution to crystallise. Colour- 

 less, quadrangular, flat columns; eflloresce when exposed to the 

 atmosphere, turn white and opaque at 100° under loss of all the 

 water; may also be obtained crystallised anhydrous in colourless 

 rhombic pyramids and columns of great lustre ; of alkaline reaction 

 and of remarkably bitter taste. A. fuses at 229°, sublimates by 

 careful heating below the fusing-point in very fine long needles (empy- 

 reumatic products appear only by quickly heating) ; dissolves in 7763 

 parts cold, more abundantly in hot water, readily in alcohol, less 

 in ether, also in amyl-alcohol. Yields with acids easily crystal- 

 Usable salts, pi-ecipitable by caustic alkalies and theii' carbonates. 



Al'icill=C46 H26 ^2 Og (isomeric with Brucin) ; according to 

 Pelletier : C20 H12 NO 3 . In the Quina de Cusco (from Cinchona 

 pubescens). Extract with acid water, treat the liquid with milk 

 of lime, wash and dry the precipitate and treat with alcohol, filter 

 hot, and pixrify the A. formed after cooling by reciystallising in 

 alcohol under aid of animal charcoal. Kigid needles, without taste 

 at fii'st, afterwards of aromatic and acrid, and, when dissolved in 

 acids, of very bitter taste; of alkaline reaction, unalterable at 150°; 

 fuses at 188° without loss; decomposes m. higher temperatures; 

 dissolves sparingly in water, more readily in alcohol than cinch o- 

 nin, less than quinin, also in ether, in nitric acid with green 

 colour. Its salts are easily crystallisable and precipitable by caustic 

 alkalies and their carbonates; the precijiitates dissolve a little in 

 ammonia. 



Aruicill=C4o H30 Os. The bitter ingredient of Arnica mon- 

 tana, obtained from all parts of the plant. From the root : Boil with 



