35 



-parts cold and a little more copiously in hot water, most readily in. 

 alcohol and in ether. Its salts are fatty to the touch, and dissolve, 

 with the exception of those of the alkalies, sparingly in water, the 

 salt of baryta in 200 parts cold water and contains, when dried at 

 100°, 68.03% acid. 



Caproic Aci(l=Ci2 Hn O3 + HO. Discovered, besides 

 other aromatic acids, in the oil of the fruit of Cocos nucifera, in 

 the root of Arnica montana aud in the flowers of Orchis hircina. 

 It is obtained from the above oil by saponifying with soda-ley, 

 distilling with sulj^lnu-ic acid, neutralising the distillate, containing 

 caproic, caprylic and capric acids, with baryta, and evaporating. 

 The caprate of baryta crystallises first, afterwards the caprylate 

 and last the Caproate. which are purified by recrystallising. In 

 order to separate the Cajiroic acid from the salt of baryta, 100 

 parts of the latter have to be treated with a mixture of 29 "63 

 parts concentrated sulphuric acid and 2 9 "63 parts water. Decant 

 the Caproic acid floating on the surface after 24 hours, treat the 

 residue once more with a like mixture of acids, desiccate the 

 whole of the decanted acids by chloi'ide of calcium and rectify. — 

 Limpid, thin oil of sweat-like odour and of pungently acid 

 and afterwards more sweetish taste of nitrous ether than 

 biityi'ic acid ; of 0*930 spec, grav.; not solidifying at - 9°, boils at 

 about 200°, dissolves in 96 parts water, in every proportion in 

 alcohol and ether. Its salts are all soluble in water, least so 

 those of the heavy metals. The Caproate of baryta dried at 100° 

 is anhydrous and contains 58-28°/(, acid. 



Caprylic Acid=Ci6 H15 3 +H0. Occurrence — See Caproic 

 Acid. Decompose the Caprylate of baryta by diluted sul- 

 phuric acid; the Caprylic acid rises to the surface like an oil, 

 is poured ofi^, washed with water and distilled. — Colourless 

 liquid of sweat-like odoui-, and veiy acid and acrid taste, of 0*9 11 

 density, solidifies below 12°, fuses at 14° to 15°, crystallises 

 on slowly cooling in crystallme leaflets, boils at 236°, dissolves in 

 400 parts water at 100°, and on cooling separates again almost com- 

 pletely, mixes with alcohol and ether in every proportion. The 

 salts, except those of the alkalies, dissoh-e slowly. The baryta 

 compound, when ckied at 100°, is anhydrous, and contains 

 63-80% acid. 



CapsiciU. A substance obtained from the Chillies or 

 Cayemie pepper (the fruit of Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. 

 fastigiatum, C. frutescens, C. longum) and I'epresenting the acridity 

 of the latter, but as yet not prepared in the pure state. Obtained 

 by extracting with alcohol, treating the alcoholic extract with 

 ether, and evaporating the ethereous solution. — Yellow or red- 

 brown, soft, of at first balsamic, afterwards extremely burning 



D 2 



