55 



acid gas, oversaturate the fitered liquid with hydrochloric acid, 

 wash the white flocks, which will separate, with water and dry. — 

 Amorphous, pale straw-yellow powder, of strongly acid reaction, 

 tastes less bitter than colombin, is almost insoluble in water, dis- 

 solves with yellow colour in alcohol, very little in ether, better in 

 acetid acid, with brown-yellow colour in potash-ley. 



Colonil)in=C42 H22 O14. The indifierent bitter ingi-edient of 

 the Colombo-root (from Jateorrhiza palmata). Exhaust with 

 alcohol of 75°/q, distil off the alcohol from the tincture, evaporate 

 to dryness on the water-bath, dissolve in water, shake with ether, 

 evaporate the ethereous solution and purify the crystallised C. by 

 pressing and recrystallising in ether. — Forms white or trans})arent 

 prisms and needles, without smell, very bitter, neutx-al; fuses like 

 wax, decomposes in higher temperatures; dissolves little in cold 

 water, alcohol and ether, in 30 to 40 parts boiling alcohol, in 

 acetic acid, a little in volatile oils, in alkalies and re-precipitable 

 by acids, in concentrated sulphuric acid with orange, afterwards 

 dark-red colour; not precipitable by metallic salts. 



Colophony. See Abietic Acid. 



Conessill— C25 H22 NO. In the seeds and bark of "Wrightia 

 antidysenterica. Exhaust the bark with water containing a small 

 admixture of hydrochloric acid, precipitate the extract with am- 

 monia, treat the deposit with alcohol, evaporate the tincture to a 

 syi'up's thickness, bring to dryness with acetate of lead and with 

 a little ammonia and treat with ether. The C remains after 

 evaporating. — White, amorphous powder of very bitter, acrid and 

 rancid taste, is destroyed by heat, dissolves in alcohol, ether and 

 chloroform; according to other observers it dissolves little in 

 alcohol, ether and sulphide of carbon. 



Conhydrin=Ci6 H17 NO 2. Alkaloid of Conium maculatum, 

 existing besides coniin in the flowers and seeds. Exhaust with 

 water containing a little sulphuric acid, saturate the moderately 

 concentrated extract with an excess of lime or caustic potash, 

 distil and saturate the alkaline distillate with sulphuric acid, 

 evaporate to a syrup's consistence, shake with alkohol and evapo- 

 rate the alcoholic solution, add potash-ley, shake with ether and 

 let the ether evaporate from the ethereous solution. The residue 

 when subjected to distillation yields at first oil-like coniin with a 

 little ether and water and afterwards a dry crystalline substance. 

 This when pvirified by pressing, &c., is pure Conhydrin. — It repre- 

 sents colourless, iridescent laminae of mother-of-pearl lustre, smells 

 faintly like coniin, liquifies with a gentle heat and sublimates 

 already below 100°, dissolves moderately in water, readily in 

 alcohol and in ether, is of strongly alkaline reaction and dislodges 

 the ammonia from its compounds. It yields with hydrochloric 



