109 



containing the hydrochloric acid^is then oversaturated with soda-ley 

 and the H. withdrawn from it by ether. — Thick, pale-yellow oil of 

 strongly alkaline reaction, of burning taste and of an odour of trime- 

 thylamin ; forms white vapours with volatile acids ; does dissolve in 

 water but not in every proportion, readily in alcohol and in ether ; 

 the aqueous solution throws down subchloride of tin white^ 

 sulj>hate of iron yellowish, sulphate of copper 2>a]e-blue, chloride 

 of mercury and nitrate of silver white (the latter deposit soon 

 changing to brown). Hygrin foi'ms with hydrochlox-ic acid a 

 crystalline, deliqiiescent salt; this is precijntated by bi-iodide 

 of jiotassium red-brown, by subchloride of tin white, by chloride 

 of mercury white, partly in flocks and partly in oily drops; by 

 chloride of platinum dirty white-yellow, by picric acid yellow, by 

 tannic acid white. 



HyoSCyaiuill = Coo Hn NO 2. Alkaloid of the genus Hyoscy- 

 amus. Exhaust the seeds at 50° with alcohol, containing 2y 

 sulphuric acid, render the tinctui-e slightly alkaline with baryta; 

 filter after a short digestion, precipitate the baryta with sulphuric 

 acid, distil the alcohol from the acid liquid, neutralise the 

 remnant as exactly as possible with carbonate of potash, filter, 

 render alkaline with carbonate of potash, and shake with ether. 

 Decant the ethereous solution, distil ofi' the ethei-, dissolve the 

 remnant in water, filtei', mix the liquid with a mixture of 1 part 

 kaolin, 1 part pulverised charcoal, and 2 parts ivory-black, so as 

 to form a pulp, spread over porcelain j^lates, let dry at the 

 sun, triturate, exhaust with ether, evaporate the solution, fuse the 

 remnant carefully and recrystallise in ether. — It forms tuftily 

 united, colourless, silky needles, is inodorous (smells narcotic in 

 the impure state), has a nauseous, poignant, tobacco-like taste 

 and a strongly alkaline reaction ; dissolves slowly in water, but 

 more readily than atropin, more readily in alcohol, ether, and 

 acids. When heated with pure soda-ley under a pressure oi 1^ 

 atmospheres, and for a leather long time, it evolves va})ours of 

 strongly alkaline reaction, and the crystalline remnant yields, by 

 means of hydrochloric acid, a white crystalline body, stated by 

 Kletzinsky to be santonin. 



[HvoscYAMiNrrCso H23 NOß, is, according to Hoehn and Reich- 

 ardt, prepared in the following manner from the seeds of Hyos- 

 cyamus niger. The seeds are freed from fat-oil by means of 

 ether, then extracted with alcohol and sulphuric acid, the liquid 

 evaporated, freed from a resinous mass; nearly neuti-alised with 

 soda, and precipitated by tannic acid. The well-washed pre- 

 cipitate is spread on porous clay, and still moist mixed with 

 excess of lime and exhausted with strong alcohol. The filtrate 

 is acidified with sulphuric acid ; evaporated ; freed by ether from 

 fat and colouring matter; mixed with excess of soda-ley, and 



