110 



the alkaloid extracted by ether. The ethereous solution is 

 purified by shaking with water and evaporated, leaving the H. as 

 an oily liquid, solidifying over sulphuric acid to a crystalline 

 warty mass of wax consistence, fusing at 90°C. The aqueous solu- 

 tion has a strongly alkaline reaction. Precipitates are produced 

 by alkalies (in concentrated solutions), by tannic acid white; 

 iodine- water, kermes-brown; chloride of mercury, white; chloride 

 of gold, yellow-bi-own, easily soluble in excess, and becoming de- 

 composed by keeping ; chloride of platinum gives a resinous pre- 

 cipitate. Heated Avith alkalies the H. separates into Hyoscic acid 

 and Hyoscin.] 



Hypog'aeic Aci(l=CV2 H29 O3 +H0. In the oil of the earth- 

 nut (the fixed oil of the seeds of Arachis hypogaea). Saponify 

 with soda-ley, decompose the soap with sulphuric acid, dissolve 

 the fat-acids in alcohol, throw down with acetate of magnesia and 

 ammonia the arachic and palmitic acids, filter and mix the 

 liquids with an alcoholic solution of acetate of lead and ammonia. 

 Press the precipitate, dissolve in ether, shake the solution with 

 hydrochloric acid, remove the chloride of lead, shake the filtered 

 liquid with water previously boiled, decant the ether, evaporate, 

 l^ess the remaining crystalline mass and recrystallise in alcohol. 

 — Forms colourless, concentrically arranged needles, tasteless and 

 inodorous, fusing at 34°; becomes yellow-red, i-ancid, and un- 

 crystallisable at the air, and this even in very low temperatures ; 

 is readily soluble in alcohol and ether ; is converted by nitrous 

 acid into an acid of the same composition, but fusing at 38° 

 (analogous to elaidic acid). 



latropliic Acid. See Croton Oil. 



Ig'asiiric Acid. See Malic Acid. 



Ig'asurill. Alkaloid, supposed to occur in the seeds of Strychnos 

 Nux vomica, but which requires further investigations. It is 

 said to be nearly related to brucin. 



IliciC Acid. In the leaves of Ilex Aquifolium [and doubtless 

 in other species of the genus. — F. v. M.]. Only known in com- 

 bination with bases. Precipitate the aqueous decoction with 

 subacetate of lead, free the filtrate from lead by sulphui*et of 

 hydrogen, warm with hydra ted lead oxyd, remove again from 

 the filtrate any dissolved lead by sulphuret of hydrogen, and 

 evaporate to the consistence of syrup; purify the lamellae, which 

 will have formed after several days, by pressing, dissolving in 

 water, precipitating Avith alcohol and recrystallising, whereby 

 colourless ilicate of lime is obtained. This salt contains 18% 

 lime, dissolves readily in water, not in alcohol, does not jirecipi- 

 tate the salts of manganese, zinc, iron, copper and silver, but 

 throws down sub-chloride of tin and acetate of lead. 



