113 



Cold water dissolves only one-fifth jier cent. Inulin, while boiling 

 water takes np lai-ge quantities, but readily converts the Inulin, 

 especially by prolonged boiling, into gum. It is not possible to 

 separate the two bodies completely, though they are distinguish- 

 able by gum yielding mucic acid on treating with nitric acid, 

 whereas Inulin forms different products. 



[Aleuron, a substance closely related to Inulin, has been dis- 

 covered by Hartig, in the seeds of a great many and widely 

 different plants, either i-eplacing or associated with starch. It re- 

 sembles the latter in size, form and colour, but differs by its easy 

 solubility in water, dilute acids and alkalies. With iodine it be- 

 comes brown, and with acid nitrate of mercuiy it acquires a 

 brick-red colour. The surface of its gi-anules presents under the 

 microscope a dotted appearance. It is insoluble in volatile and 

 fixed oils, alcohol and ether, and may, by means of these liquids, 

 be washed out of the respective parts and collected like stai-ch. 

 Aleuron, in some cases, has a chai"acteristic colour, which is green 

 in the seeds of Pistacia, indigo-blue in Cheiranthus annuus, rose- 

 red in Hibiscus, brown in Arachis, yellow in Ailanthus, Frangula, 

 Myi-istica, Lupinus luteus.] 



Inverted Sugar. See Fruit Sugar, also Grape Sugar. 



Ipecacuailhic Acid = Cu H 9 O 7 . In the root of Cephaelis 

 Ipecacuanha. Precipitate the aqueous exti'act with subacetate of 

 lead, wash the deposit with alcohol, dissolve in diluted acetic acid, 

 mix the solution with subacetate of lead, afterwards with ammonia; 

 wash the deposit obtained with the strongest alcohol, divide under 

 ether, and decompose with sulphui-et of hydrogen. The liquid, 

 separated from the sulphide of lead, has to be evaporated in a 

 cuiTent of carbonic acid gas; the remnant is mixed with water, 

 filtered ofi" from the fat, and the filtered liquid digested with 

 animal charcoal and evaporated. — Amorjihous, reddish brown mass, 

 very hygroscopic, very bitter, fusible; dissolves readily in water, 

 also in alcohol, less readily in ether; colours salts of oxyd of iron 

 green, which becomes violet on addition of a little ammonia, and 

 with moi'e ammonia ink-black. 



Iris-Steraopten = C16 Hie O 4 , obtained by distilling the root of 

 Iris Florentina with water. White scales, of a pleasant odour of 

 violets, lighter than water, readily soluble in alcohol. [Is identical 

 with Myristic acid. Flueckiger and Hanbury]. 



ISOeetic Acid = C30 H29 O 3 -t- HO (therefore of the same com- 

 position as cetic acid from spermaceti). Forms the gljcerid of the 

 solid part of castor-oil. It fuses at 55°, crystallises from alcohol in 

 lamellae. 



[Ivaillt Indifferent bitter substance, contained, according to 

 V. Planta-Reichenau, in the herb of Achillea moschata, together with 



