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[Oxyiiarcotill= C44 H23 NOig. Alkaloid, discovered by Beckett 

 and Wright in opium. When partly purified Nai'cein is boiled 

 with water, a crystalline mass remains, which is dissolved in hot, 

 dilute sulphuric acid, filtered and exactly neutralised with carlao- 

 nate of soda. The dense, crystalline deposit, after resting for 

 several houi's, is separated from the liquid and repeatedly boiled 

 Avith small qiiantities of water. The remaining crystals of O. are 

 freed from traces of Narcein by hot alcohol, dissolved in hydro- 

 chloric acid, re-precipitated by a small excess of potash-ley, washed 

 and dried. — It forms small, asbestos-like, sandy crystals, little 

 soluble in water and alcohol, even at the boiling heat. The con- 

 centrated solutions of its salts are precipitated by pvire alkalies 

 and theii- carbonates, but only slowly when dihited.] 



Palmitic Acid =03-2 H31 O3 + HO. As to occurrence see 

 Palmitin. Saponify palm oil with soda-ley, decompose the soap 

 with sulphuric acid, and recrystallise repeatedly in alcohol, until 

 the fusing point remains constant. — Small, white scales, inodorous 

 and tasteless, readily friable; fuse at 62°; have an acid reaction; 

 distil almost imaltered; are insoluble in water^ dissolve in alcohol 

 of 0'820 at 40° in every proportion, readily in ether. The palmi- 

 tates of alkalies dissolve in water and in alcohol. 



Palmitin (Tri-palmitin) = Cio2 Hgs O12. As palmitate of gly- 

 ceryl =: Co H5 O3 -f 3 C32 H31 O3 -widely distributed among the 

 fats of the vegetable kingdom, and especially abundantly in 

 palmoil (from Elais Gxiineensis), in the tallow of Excaecaria 

 sebifera, in Japanese wax (from Rhus succedanea in the wax of 

 Myrica cerifera). Press the palm-oil strongly between calico, boil 

 the remnant repeatedly with alcohol, in order to remove free 

 palmitic and oleic acids, and recrystallise the remnant repeatedly 

 in ether. — Small, pearly crystals, fusing at 61°, slightly soluble in 

 boiling absolute alcohol, readily so in ether. 



Palm-Oil. Obtained from the pericarp of Elais Guineensis. — 

 Yellow, of butter-consistence, smells of violets, has a mild taste, 

 fuses at 27°, when older, only at 32° to 36°; tui-ns easily rancid, 

 bleaches at the simlight. Contains olein and palmitin. 



Paiia(][Uil01i=C24 H25 Oig. Peculiar ingredient of the root of 

 the Amei'ican Ginseng (Panax qiiinquefolius). Macerate with 

 cold watei', boil the solution, filter, evaporate to a syrup-consist- 

 ence ; mix with a concentrated solution of sulphate of soda, which 

 yields a dense, brown deposit, which has to be washed with the 

 same salt solution, and treated with absolute alcohol, the latter 

 dissolving the Panaquilon. Evajjorate the alcoholic solution, and 

 dissolve the remnant in water; decolourise by means of animal 

 charcoal; filter, eva[)Oi-ate and purify by redissolving in absolute 

 alcohol. — Amorphous, yellow powder, has a taste similar to gly- 



