167 



cyrrhizin, but more bitter; fuses xinder decomposition, dissolves 

 readily in water, and in alcohol, not in ether ; becomes brown with 

 alkalies; is precipitable by tannic acid, but not by other acids, or 

 the chloi'ides of mercury and of platinum. Concentrated acids 

 convert it under evolution of carbonic acid into a new body: 

 crystalline, tasteless and insoluble in water. 



Papa verin =040 H21 NOs. In opium. Precipitate the aqueous 

 extract with soda-ley, treat with alcohol the deposit, consisting in 

 the main of morphin, evaporate the brown tincture, dissolve the 

 renniant in diluted acid and mix ^vith ammonia, producing, at 

 first, a brown resinous deposit. Dissolve the latter in diluted 

 hydrochloric acid, and add acetate of potash, which separates a 

 dark resin. Wash this with water, and boil with ether, the Papaverin 

 crystallising on cooling from the ethereous solution. — Forms white 

 needles of slightly alkaline reaction; is insoluble in water; with 

 difficulty soluble in cold alcohol and ether, readily when warm; 

 becomes blue or purple with concentrated sulphuric acid; dissolves 

 in nitric acid unaltered ; but is decomposed on warming the solu- 

 tion. Its salts are mostly sparingly soluble in water. 



Paraiiialeic Aeid^FuMARic Acid. 



ParailieilisperilUll. Composed like menispermin, and obtained 

 together with it. Forms quadrangular rhombic prisms or concen- 

 trically radiated masses, fuses at 250° and sublimates undecom- 

 posed, is insoluble in water, soluble in absolute alcohol and in 

 diluted acids, scarcely in ether; forms no salts with acids. 



Paramorpliin^THEBAiN. 

 PararLorieoretiu=:JALAPra. 



Parelliu or ParelliC Aci(l=Cis H« Os + HO. Is sometimes 

 obtained in the preparation of lecanoric acid from Lecanora 

 Parella. The two acids are distinguished by their behaviour 

 towards a solution of baryta. The lecanoric acid forms with the 

 latter a soluble, the Parellic acid an insoluble salt. The Parellate 

 of baryta is decomposed by hydrochloric acid, and the subsiding 

 Parellin is recrystallised in alcohol. — Forms colourless crystals, 

 which lose their water at 100°, bitter when masticated or in 

 alcoholic solution, the latter being of an acid reaction; fuses 

 and becomes decomposed by heat; dissolves scantily in cold 

 water, better in alcohol, and is thrown down by water as a jelly; 

 is also soluble in ether. 



Paricin=:C46 H^f, ^2 Oe- Alkaloid of the Quina Carabaya 

 from Cinchona succirubra. Exhaust with alcohol of 80°/^, distil 

 off the alcohol from the solutions, evaporate to dryness, draw out 

 with water and some hydrochloric acid, precijjitate the solution 

 with carbonate of soda, wash and dry the deposit, dissoh e in 



