182 



unaltered in concentrated sulphuric acid and reprecipitable by- 

 water; yields a purple deposit with acetate of lead. 



[PyroCiltecIliu has been found by E. v. . Gorup-Besanez in the 

 green leaves of Vitis quinquefolia. Wiesner also recognised it as 

 ingredient of the Eucalyptus kino, and F. A. Fliickiger likewise 

 as constituent of the kinoes of Pterocarpus Marsupium and Butea 

 fi'ondosa.] 



Pyrrliopiii =: Chelerythrin. 



QuiXSSiill=:C2o Hi2 Oc . In the wood and bai-k of Quassia amara, 

 Picraena excelsa and Simaruba amara. Treat the alcoholic 

 extract with water, bring the solution to honey-consistence, treat 

 repeatedly with small quantities of absolute alcohol, evaporate the 

 solutions to dryness, draw oiit with hot water, decolourise the 

 pale-yellow solution with animal chai-coal, and evaporate. — Fine, 

 white, silky, shining needles, permanent at the air, inodorous, 

 neutral, very bitter, fuse a little less readily than colophony, 

 decompose in higher temperatures, dissolve in 222 parts cold, more 

 readily in hot water, readily in alcohol, very little in ether; the 

 alcoholic solution is precipitable by tannic acid in dense, white 

 flocks. 



<|uercetin = C46 Hie O20- Iii the grains of Avignon (the fruits- 

 of ilhamnus grajcus, P. prunifolius, P. infectorius, P. saxatilis, 

 P. amygdalinus, P. oleoides), readily formed; probably in many 

 other plants, too, as in the yellow berries of Hippophae rhamnoides, 

 according to Filhol, also in the green leaves, and in the flowers. 

 Gellatly's Phamnetin is alleged to be Quercetin. Draw out the 

 berries with ether containing alcohol, evapoiute the gold-coloured 

 solution, mix the i-emnant with water, dissolve in alcohol what 

 has been separated and evaporate the solution under addition of 

 water. — Very fine, small, bright-yellow needles or citron-yellow 

 })Owder, tasteless, of a slightly salty and somewhat styptic taste 

 (according to other statements, very bitter like quinin), when dis- 

 solved in water, fusible above 250° and sublimable partly unde- 

 composed; scarcely soluble in cold water, little in boiling water, 

 readily even in weak alcohol, much less so in ether, readily in 

 alkaline liquids with gold-yellow colour; turning dark-green with 

 chloride of iron, and dark-red when warmed. 



<|liercill. Bitter ingredient of the bark of Quercus Robur. 

 Draw out with milk of lime, precipitate the filtrate with carbonate 

 of potash, evaporate the filtrate to honey-consistence, treat with 

 alcohol, evaporate the tincture and recrystallise. — Small, white, 

 inodorous, bitter crystals, readily soluble in water and in aqueous 

 alcohol, not in absolute alcohol and in ether, has a neutral reaction, 

 turns orange-yellow with concentrated sulphuric acid, dissolves, 

 also in lime-water. 



