204 



a frotLy liquid, scarcely in etlier ; dissolves iii volatile, less in fixed 

 oils, in caustic alkalies, in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, and re- 

 precipitable by water unaltered ; also in concentrated hydrochloric 

 acid. 



[Socaloin = C34 H19 O15 + 5 HO. Prepared by Histed from 

 Zanzibar or Socotriue aloes by moistening the pulverised drogue 

 with alcohol of 0'960 sp. gr., pressing strong]}'- between calico, 

 dissolving the crystalline yellow residue in warm, weak alcohol, 

 and pux'ifying the crystals by recrystallisation. — Foi-ms tufted 

 needle-shaped prisms of a sweetish, afterwards bitter taste; melts 

 at 118-120°; dissolves in 30 parts alcohol, 9 parts acetic ether, 

 380 parts pure ether, 90 parts water, and abundantly in methyl- 

 alcohol. Over concenti'ated sulphuric acid it loses 12% of its 

 weight, and at 100° 14%.] 



Soft RfSius. Viscid at ordinary temperature; are mostly ob- 

 tained from vegetable parts by extracting with alcohol or with 

 ether, and are probably in most cases mixtures of resin and of 

 volatile or fixed oils, or may be hydrates. They are distinguish- 

 able from balsams by the absence of smell. 



Solailiu = Cgo H70 NO32. Specific alkaloid of the genus 

 Solaniim, easily obtained from the twigs of S. Dulcamara, the 

 berries of S. nigrum, the sprouts of Solanum tuberosum, in S. 

 verbascifolium, and to be found in numerous other species of Sola- 

 num. Best adapted for its preparation are the sprotits of 

 potatoes. Bruise them fresh, draw out with water and acetic acid, 

 precipitate the liquid with acetate of lead, add milk of lime to the 

 strained liquid, treat the deposit obtained thereby with alcohol, 

 evaporate the tincture and purify the remaining Solanin by re- 

 peatedly dissolving in alcohol. — White, flat, quadrangular prisms 

 of mother-of-pearl lustre, or a powder of similar appearance; in- 

 odorous, of a disagreeable, somewhat bitter, long lasting, rancid, 

 and acrid taste, of very slightly alkaline reaction; fuses, but not 

 without decomposition; dissolves little in water, the solution 

 yielding a froth on shaking; is almost devoid of alkaline reaction; 

 becomes tiirbid with tannic acid ; dissolves in alcohol slowly, with 

 a slightly alkaline reaction; not soluble in ether; dissolves in con- 

 centrated sulphuric acid with successively brown and violet hue; 

 breaks up when heated with diluted sulphuric acid (also hydro- 

 chloric or oxalic acid) into sugai-, and another stronger base 

 (Solanidin:=C5o H40 NO 2). 



Sorbin :=Ci2 H12 O12. Peculiar kind of sugar of the ripe friiits 

 of Pyrus aucuparia. Forms in the juice, when the latter is kept 

 for a long time, and is ])urified by recrystallising with aid of 

 animal charcoal. — Forms colourless, rhombic crystals of the taste 

 of cane-sugar, fuses on heating, and burns with the odour of burnt 



