205 



sugar; dissolves in half part cold water, not in' cold, little in 

 boiling alcohol, yields oxalic acid by heating with nitric acid, 

 assumes a red-yellow colour with cold concentrated sulphuric acid, 

 and turns black when heated ; is not altered on heating with diluted 

 sulphuric acid; becomes brown on heating with potash-ley, lime, 

 baryta, and oxyd of lead, while evolving the odour of burnt sugai-; 

 reduces alkaline tartarate of copper; is not able to ferment with 

 yeast; is not precipitable by subacetate of lead, b\it is so by 

 ammoniacal acetate of lead. 



Spartein=C3o H26 K Volatile alkaloid of Cytisus scoparius. 

 Concentrate the acid mother-ley of the impure scoparin (see this), 

 distil with excess of carbonate of soda, saturate the distillate with 

 chloride of sodium and distil again, ammonia passing over at 

 first, followed by a colourless heavy oil which has to be freed from 

 ammonia by washing with cold water. — Colourless, oily, thick 

 liquid, heavier than water, of a faint odour, somewhat similar to 

 anilin, of a very bitter taste, boils at 288°, dissolves little in 

 water, but dissolves a little water when left in contact with it 

 and becomes turbid; has a strongly alkaline reaction; saturates 

 the acids com])letely. 



Spiriea YellOAV=Ci5 Hg O7. Yellow matter of the flowers of 

 Spiraea Ulmaria. Treat the flowers with ether, distil the ether 

 from the tincture, mix the remnant with warm water to throw 

 down impure dyeing matter, while a green oil floats on the water; 

 remove the latter, dissolve the dyeing matter in hot water, remove 



the fat, which forms on cooling, and evapoi-ate to dryness. 



Yellow powder, consisting of fine needles, insoluble in water, 

 soluble in alcohol and in ether with dark-green, or, when diluted, 

 yellow colour; soluble in alkalies, in concentrated sulphuric acid 

 with deep-yellow colour and reprecipitable by water unaltered. 



StapIlisa«Till=C32 H.23 NO 4. Alkaloid of the seeds of Del- 

 phinium Staphisagria, is obtained by the method indicated under 

 Delphinin. — Yellow-brownish resin of acrid taste, fuses at 200°, 

 is almost insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, insoluble 

 in ether, dissolves readily in acids, but is not able to neutralise 

 them. 



St!ir('ll=:Ci2 Hio Oio. A substance widely distributed in many 

 vegetaljle organisms and especially in roots, in subterraneous 

 stems and in seeds, but is also frequently met with in stems and 

 in unmatured fraits, and the presence of which is recognised best 

 by its property of acquiring with iodine a violet or dark-blue 

 colour. The iodine used for this purpose may be ke})t ready pre- 

 pared by dissolving 3 parts iodine and 4 jmrts iodide of potassium 

 in 93 parts water. — Easy as the recognition of starch is, it fre- 

 quently causes much trouble to separate it completely from the 



