226 



Virola Tallow. From Myristica sebifei'a, is similar to niitnieg 

 balsam. 



ViSCill=C4o H48 O16 = C40 H32 +16 HO. Exudes from the 

 i-eceptacle and floral envelope of Atractylis gummifera ; is found in 

 the leaves and l)ranches of Ilex Aquifolum, Yiscum album, and 

 especially in the berries of the latter, and of various kinds of 

 Loranthiis ; has also been observed as constituent of other plants. 

 [It is very plentiful in the fruits of Pittosporum luidulatum.] 

 Bruise the berries of Viscum with water, wash with water, treat 

 afterwards with alcohol, and lastly with ethei-, evaporate the 

 ethereous solutions, knead the glutinous yellowish mass, left after 

 evaporation, first with alcohol, then with water, and heat to 120°, 

 until all the water is driven ofi". — Clear mass of honey consistence ; 

 may be drawn oiit into thi'eads ; almost inodorous and tasteless ; of 

 an oily ap]iearance at 100°, begins to boil at 210°, a thin yellow 

 oil of 0'856 density distilling at 235°; has the density of water, 

 and leaves greasy spots on paper. 



Volatile Acids. Such as pass over in the distillation of vege- 

 tables with water, but are quickly decomposed, and have as yet 

 not been isolated in the pure form ; have been observed in plants 

 of the following genera : Aconitum, Aru.m, Clematis, Ranunculus, 

 Daphne, Pimelea, Polygonum, and many Fungi. 



VuljMlliu or VulpiC Aci(l = C3s H^ Oio. In Cetraria viüpina 

 and in Parmelia parietina, but in the latter only when it has been 

 gathered, not from trees, but, in the undeveloped state, from sand- 

 stone I'ocks. From the Parmelia the Vulpulin can be withdrawn 

 neai'ly pure by suli)hide of carbon. The Cetraria has to be soaked 

 first in lukewarm water, containing a little lime; strain after a 

 few hours, I'epeat the same treatment, saturate the united sohitions 

 with excess of hydi'ochloric acid, wash the flocks which have separated 

 with cold water, and recrystallise from hot water or from alcohol. 

 — Forms sulphur-yellow, translucid, large, rhombic pyramids or 

 needles, crystallized from sulphide of carbon of the colour of bi- 

 chromate of potash ; fuses at 110°, and sublimes in small yellow 

 laminar scales or needles, with the odour of benzoin; tasteless by 

 itself, dissolved in alcohol, very bitter; is, even in boiling water, 

 neai-ly insoluble, readily soluble in sulphide of carbon, in 376 pai*ts 

 ■cold, and in 200 parts boiling alcohol of 80%, in 588 parts cold, 

 and in 88 parts boiling alcohol of 90% ; also sparingly in boiling 

 absolute alcohol, more readily in ether, and most readily in chloro- 

 form, in concentrated sulphuric acid with brown-red colour, which 

 turns pale-yellow on addition of water. 



Walnut Oil. Obtained by pressing the seeds of Juglans regia. 

 Originally greenish, becomes soon pale-yellow, inodorous, of mild 

 taste and of 0.926 density, congeals at — 18°, butter-like, becomes 



