STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 7 



prodiiCG new cells in the same. These (the progeny) es- 

 cape by the decay of the mother-cell (or mother plant). 

 Hed Snow is an instance of this. It occurs on damp 

 rocks, in the forai of dull crimson patches, which resemble 

 blood-stains. These patches consist ol numerous indivi- 

 duals of the species Protococcus nivalis^ which can not be 

 seen without the microscope. 



E. PII^NOGAMS. 



How THEY Differ from Cryptoga:ms — General Con- 



SroERATION OF THE FlOWER SoRTS OF FlOAVERS ThE 



Ph^nogamous Orders of the Northern and Middle 

 States East of the Mississippi, arranged according 

 TO A Natural System — The Artificial System of 

 Lestnjsus. 



26. The entire vegetable kingdom has two principal 

 divisions : Flowerless Plants or Cryptogams, and Flow- 

 ering Plants or Ph^enogams. 



37, The Flower is a system of orgminH which performs 

 the reproductio7i of the Phcvnogarns. The Cryptogmns 

 have no flowers, 



38, In Cryptogams, the organs of reproduction are 

 apparatus, more or less analogous to flowers, wliich pro- 

 duce, instead of seeds, minute bodies called Spores, that 

 do not contain any embryo prior to germination. The 

 cryptogams are lower in grade than the phoenogams. 

 They are variously classified. 



We may distinguish Fa5<??/Z<zr<2?^«^ Cellidar Cryptogam,s. 



VasGidar cryptogams, also called Acrogens, are flowerless 

 plants with a distinct axis, a branched stem, which grows 

 from the summit only, containing woody fibres and vascu- 



