STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 9 



The Ovary is the hollow case, or initial fruit, which 

 contains rudimentarj seeds, called ovules. (Plate lY., 3&, 

 45, 4c ; Plate Y., 7^, S^*.) 



The Style is the tapering summit of the pistil, some- 

 times long and slender, sometimes short, and, not unfre- 

 quently, altogether wanting, it being not an essential pait 

 like the tw^o other parts of the pistil. (PI. lY., la, Qc.) 



The Stigma is always that portion of the surface of the 

 pistil which is not covered, like the rest of the plant, by a 

 pellicle or epidermis, but a portion which consists of 

 loose, projecting filaments or warts, destined to receive the 

 fertilizing, powdery substance, shed by the anthers of the 

 stamens. It is either a portion of the surface of the 

 style, generally the tip, or, when there is no distinct 

 style, of the top of the ovary. (PI. III., 2^, ^d.) 



The Stanuns are the fertilizing organs of the flower. A 

 stamen consists of two parts — namely, the filament, or stalk, 

 and the anther. The Anther is a capsule or case, filled 

 with a powdery substance, called Pollen, This powder, 

 consisting of granules, is discharged through one or more 

 openings of the anther. (PI. III., 7(?, lib.) 



34. The Perianth consists of one or two (rarely more) 

 whorls of floral leaves. Most of the flowers have the 

 periantli double — that is, two sets or whorls of it. The 

 outer set or circle is called Calyx, and usually green ; 

 the inner is the Corolla, and commonly of some other color 

 than green. The leaves of the calyx, if distinct, arc named 

 sej>als ; those of the corolla, if not united into one body, 

 ])etals. (PI. III., 1, 1, 10 ; PI. Y., 2.) 



35. All the organs of the fiower, hoth essential and tin- 

 essential, are situated on the top of the flower-stalk, into 

 which they are said, in botanical language, to be inserted, 

 and which is called Torus or Receptacle. (PL III., 2«.) 



