46 PRACTICAL BOTANY. 



stem, as in thistles (stem winged) ; d, amplexicaule^ or 

 clasping, PI. I., 31 ; e^ perfoliate^ when the stem appeal's 

 to pass through a leaf, as in Bii^leuruin rotundifoliiim, 

 PI. I., 30 ; y, connate, opposite leaves with the bases 

 united so as to form one piece of the two, PL I., 33 ; </, 

 peltate, with the petiole in the centre of the blade, or 

 nearly so, PI. I., 29. 



2. Outline and Surface of tue Leaf. 



95, General Outline of the Leaf. — As regards the 

 general outline, the leaf is said to be : a, setaceous, bristle- 

 like, as the leaves, or rather, branches, of asparagus, and 

 those of some grasses ; Z>, sulmlate, or awl-sliaped, as those 

 of the common juniper, PI. I., 15 ; c,lin ear, inove than four 

 times as long as wide, with nearly parallel margins, PI. L, 

 14; d, acerose, or needle-shaped, as the leaves in pines, PI. 

 I., 14 ; e, cuncate, wedge-shaped, two to four times as 

 long as wide, and gradually tapering from the broad and 

 truncate apex toward tlie base (§ 67, Cut XL, i) ; f, spatu- 

 late, rounded above, and long and narrow below, PI. L, 

 17; g, lanceolate, or lance-shaped, when several times 

 longer than wide, and tapering upward, or both upward 

 and downward, PI. L, 23 ; h, oblong, when nearly twice 

 as long as broad (see § 67, Cut IL, c.) ; i, elliptical, oblong 

 with a flowing outline, the two ends alike in width (see 

 above § 67) ; Tc, oblong-ovate, more ovate than oblong ; I, 

 obovate, ovate, with the petiole at the tapering end of the 

 blade ; inversely ovate, PI. I., 20 ; m, orbicular, circular ; 

 n, reniform, or kidney-shaped, PI. I., 28 ; o, rhombic, 

 rhomb-shaped, PI. I., 18;^, ensiform, sword-shaped, as 

 the leaves of Iris. 



96. Special Outline of the Leaf. — As regards the 

 apex and base of the leaf, see above § 67, with figures. 



