STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 77 



bling cherries, and attached to an elongated receptacle. 

 This sort of fruit belongs to the Blackberry and Kaspberry. 



3. Dey FRuns. 



a^ INDEHISCENT DRY FRUrrS. 



140. AcHEJsnuM, or akene, is the term applied to all 

 1- seeded, dry, hard, indehiscent and seed-like small peri- 

 carps (such as might be taken for naked seeds). The 

 pericarp is tipped with the remains of the style. It is 

 seen in the Buttercups, Anemone, Clematis, Geum, Straw- 

 berry, the Composites, and Umbelworts, the latter hav- 

 ing a double achenium, called cremocarp, consisting of 

 two mericarps (achenia), etc. 



(Figures : PI. YI., 4, cremocarps ; PI. YII., 65, ache- 

 nium with a pappus of bristles; Cut XY., Fig. 1, ache- 

 nium of a Eanunculus, vertically divided, magnif.) 



The achenia of the Composites are usually crowned 

 with a pappus representing the calyx-limb, in the form of 

 bristles, or (Cut XY., 2, 3, 4) they have a crown of 

 scales or teeth. (Fig. 2, achenium of Cichorium ; 3, of 

 Helianthus ; 4, of a Bidens.) 



141. The UTRICLE is an achenium with a thin and 

 bladder-like loose pericarp, which commonly bursts irreg- 

 ularly, discharging the seed. We see it in the Goosefoot 

 and Amaranth. In the latter plant it opens transversely- 

 all round, like a pyxis. (Fig. 5.) 



142. Caryopsis, or grain, is a dry, hard pericarp, 

 which firmly adlieres to the seed, as in Wheat, Eye, In- 

 dian Corn, etc. 



143. The NUT (glans) is a 1-seeded, dry fruit, with a 

 hard, crustaceous, or bony wall, commonly enclosed in a 



