122 PRACTICAL BOTANY. 



Carpels, when ripe, opening on the back, from which 1 or 2 

 berry -like seeds hang down, suspended by a long funicukis. 

 Shrubs or trees. Petals 6-9, Avhite or whitish. Magnolia. 



48, (V) Ovary 1, simple or compound 49 



Ovaries more than one 57 



49, Corolla none. Ovary superior 50 



Corolla present 51 



50, Styles 3-5. Calyx 5-parted, purplish within. 

 Stamens 5-60. Pod 3- to 5-celled, many-seeded, opening 

 transversely. Prostrate, maritime herbs. Leaves lance- 

 oblong, flattish. Flowers sessile, or short-peduncled, axil- 

 lary, solitary. Sesuvium Portnlacastrum, L. (639). 



Styles 2. Calyx 5- to V-toothcd. Filaments long, 

 thickened above, white or pink. Pod 2-lobed, 2-celled, the 

 cells 1 -seeded. Shrub 2-4 feet high. Flowers white, in a 

 terminal, ament-like spike. Fothergilla alnifolia, L. 



51, Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5-10 52 



Sepals and petals numerous, imbricated in several 

 rows, adherent to the 1-celled ovary. Fruit a 1-celled, 

 eatable, crimson berry. Stem fleshy, jointed, the joints 

 broadly obovate and flat, with spirally arranged small, awl- 

 shaped leaves, and fascicles of prickles, often with a few yel- 

 low spines. Flowers large, sulphur-yellow, solitary, sessile. 



Opuntia vulgaris, Mill. 



53. Shrubs or trees. Calyx 5-clef t. Petals 5 53 



An herb, rough, branched, with barbed hairs. Pe- 

 tals 5-10. Stamens 20 or more. Styles 3, connate, and 

 often spirally twisted. Leaves alternate, obovate, or ob- 

 long, lobed, or cut-toothed, short-petioled. Flowers golden 

 yellow, solitary, terminal. Mentzella oligosperma, Nutt. 



53, Ovary superior, 1-carpelled. Style terminal. Fruit 

 a drupe. Prunus (with Cerasus). 



Ovary inferior, 1 to 5-carpelled 54 



54, Leaves opposite. Fruit a 3- to 5-celled pod. Style 

 usually 4- (or 3- to 5-) cleft. Shrubs. 



Fhiladelphus inodorus, L. 

 Leaves alternate. Fruit a pome. Styles 1-5 55 



