36 
VARIOUS FOOD-PLANTS 
Fic. 23.—Filbert or Hazelnut (Corylus Avellana, Birch Family, Betulacee). 
1, a twig bearing on the right two loose, hanging, yellowish flower- 
clusters consisting entirely of staminate flowers and their scale-like 
bracts, and on the left and at the tip, two pistillate flower-clusters 
enclosed by bracts and bud-scales which permit only the crimson 
stigmas to protrude (natural size). 2, a single staminate flower, viewed 
from below, showing the numerous stamens and the scale to which 
they are attached (enlarged, the vertical line at the right showing the 
natural size). 3,asingle stamen (enlarged). 4, a pistillate flower, cut 
vertically through the ovary, showing the two ovules (only one of 
which commonly ripens into a seed), the short style, and two stigmas 
which protrude beyond the bract-cup (enlarged). 5 , the fruit, partially 
enclosed by the now leafy bract-cup. 6, the nut removed, showing 
the scar where it was attached at the base. (4 and 6, natural size.) 
(Wossidlo.)—The plant is a shrub or small tree } 3-10 m. tall, much 
branched; twigs ash-colored, sticky-hairy; bark on older stems mottled 
bright brown and gray; leaves downy below; nuts brown. 
1 Shrubs and trees are distinguished from herbs by having woody stems 
above ground which live from year to year. A tree is a self-supporting 
woody plant which becomes several times taller than a man, and forms a 
single main trunk. <A shrub differs from a tree in being usually of less 
height and having many well-developed branches starting from near the 
ground in place of a main trunk. 
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