FRUITS 91 
Fie. 97.—European Raspberry (Rubus ideus, Rose Family, Rosacea). 
1, flowering branch and leaves. 2, flower cut vertically. 3, fruit. 4, 
floral diagram. (Wossidlo.)—An erect, prickly shrub; leaflets whitish 
beneath; flowers white; fruit dark red, yellow, or whitish. This species 
together with our wild red raspberry (R. strigosus) which is closely 
similar to it, have produced our cultivated varieties. 
take account of them. Nevertheless their importance as an 
aid to digestion is believed to be far from insignificant. As 
the fruit ripens, the various flavors and acids, and most of 
the attractive pigments, arise as by-products. 
39. Miscellaneous food-products. Under this head we 
must consider the products of certain plants which do not 
properly belong to any of the foregoing groups. Thus in the 
common garden rhubarb or pie-plant (Fig. 112) the part 
commonly used is the leafstalk, just as in celery; but it can 
hardly be called a vegetable, for it is used quite like a fruit 
