NON-POISONOUS DRUGS 167 
expressed oil of almond, olive-oil, and the oil of cacao seed 
known as cacao butter, already studied for their food value 
(in sections 33 and 39); and to these may now be added castor- 
oil and the oily drug lycopodium. Castor-oil, obtained from 
the seeds of the castor-oil plant (Fig. 165), is believed not 
to be taken up by the digestive tract as a food, but to owe its 
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Fig. 159.—English Elm (Ulmus campestris, Elm Family, Ulmacee). 1, 
flowering twig. 2, leafy shoot. 3, flower, entire. 4, same, cut ver- 
tically. 45, fruit. (Wossidlo.)—Tree attaining 30 m.; leaves becoming 
smooth; flowers greenish or brownish; fruit yellowish. Native home, 
Eurasia and Northern Africa. 
great medicinal value to its lubricant and mildly irritant 
properties. The sulphur-yellow powder known as lycopo- 
dium, obtained from the club moss (Fig. 166), consists of 
minute bodies called spores by means of which the plant per- 
petuates its kind. Each spore contains nearly 50% of a 
fixed oil, and the surface is remarkably repellent of water. 
A teaspoonful of the spores thrown into a bow! of water will 
