POISONOUS DRUGS 179 
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Fig. 170.—Male-fern (Aspidium Filiz-mas, Polypody Family, Polypodiacee). 
1, plant showing the rootstock which grows underground and pro- 
duces roots below, and above gives rise to leaves which unfold from 
coils (a, a) and finally produce ‘‘fruit dots’’ or sori on the back, }. 
2, rootstock cut across showing the woody vessels (a, a) through which 
the sap runs. 3, segment of the leaf, under side, showing sori or clusters 
of spore-cases (b) each cluster protected by a cover or indusium(a). 4, 
a sorus cut vertically across the indusium. 4, the same cut at right 
angle to 4 through the leaf (a), much enlarged to show the indusium (5), 
and the spore-cases (c). 6, a spore-case discharging spores. _(Wos- 
sidlo.)—A perennial herb; leaves about 30-100 cm. long; fruit dots 
brownish. Native home, Northern Europe and North America. 
