THE PULSE FAMILY 365 
them, or in other words, the pericarps adhere ' to the torus, 
as botanists say of the union of dissimilar parts. 
Such adhesion is represented in the Rubus formula by a bracket 
placed after the pericarp signs. The bracket is separated by a 
comma from the preceding signs to show that in this genus the 
pericarps are sometimes free. Similarly the expression ¢/,/, means 
that the upper part of the torus may be either dry or fleshy in fruit, 
while Cjj! means that each pericarp is hard within and fleshy with- 
out, t. e., drwpaceous. 
Each flower of plums, peaches, almonds, and cherries 
(Prunus) produces but a single drupe, and this has commonly 
but one seed within the “‘stone”’; though occasionally as in 
“‘philopena”’ almonds both of the ovules develop. It should 
be noted that neither the “‘stone” of a peach, plum, or cherry 
nor the ‘‘shell’”’ of an almond is part of a seed, but is the 
hardened inner layer of the pericarp, enclosing a seed or 
seeds. 
The torus of quince (Cydonia) and of apples and pears 
(Pyrus), envelops the gyncecium, is adherent to the com- 
pound ovary, and both ripen together into the kind of fruit 
called a pome 2 in which the seeds are enclosed in a ‘‘core”’ 
consisting of dry, more or less parchment-like pericarps, 
surrounded by the fleshy torus. An adherent torus envelop- 
ing the ovary is said to be epigynous,’ a term likewise applied 
to the stamens, or the floral envelopes which it bears; and, 
indeed, to the flower itself having such a torus. The ovaries 
of epigynous flowers are termed inferior. 
A typical formula for the family is shown on pages 408, 409. 
The family includes plants of various habit; without milky, 
colored, or acrid juice, and. lacking reservoirs of volatile oil; 
but having often fragrant flowers more or less like those of the 
crowfoot family, but perigynous or epigynous; mostly stipulate 
leaves, and frequently luscious fruit. 
113. The pulse family (Leguminosz). Examples: pea- 
nut (Fig. 33, page 45), pea (Figs. 37, 38, page 48), beans 
1 Ad-here’ < L. ad, to; herere, stick. 
2 Pome < L. pomum, an apple or similar fruit. JT! Cj < 
3 Ep-ig’y-nous < Gr. epi, upon; gyne, pistil. TV] 
