THE LINDEN FAMILY 367 
is to say, consisting of sepals more or less united, so as to 
form an upper and a lower lip. 
The most distinctive peculiarity of the family is its typical 
fruit, called a legume.: This consists of a single carpel which 
becomes dry and normally splits into two valves by dorsal 
and ventral sutures. Asin the mustard family we found that 
the radish has an indehiscent pod of two carpels which is 
essentially a silique in structure, so here in certain genera 
we find pods of one carpel, essentially legumes, but without 
the usual mode of dehiscence. Peanuts, for example, though 
indehiscent, are plainly like pea-pods in most important re- 
spects, and both may well be called legumes. 
A still stranger modification of legume is the fruit of Hematoxylon 
which dehisces into two valves but along lines midway between the 
ventral and the dorsal sutures, as indicated by Cj <>. 
The great majority of our wild or cultivated members of 
the pulse family may be recognized by their having mostly 
papilionaceous, or at least irregular corollas, and a single 
carpel which forms a legume, while in other respects these plants 
are similar to those of the rose family. 
114. The rose order (Rosales) includes several families 
which agree for the most part with the rose and the pulse 
family in bearing botryose inflorescences of usually complete 
perigynous flowers, regular or irregular, having petals at least 
partly distinct, and pistils with a ventral or axile placenta. 
These features are indicated in the formula of Rosales on pages 
410, 411. 
115. The linden family (Tiliaceze.) Examples: jute 
(Figs. 218 I, II, page 232), and linden (Figs. 251, 252, 
page 264). 
See the formulas of Corchorus, Tilia, and Tiliacez on pages 410, 
411. 
The bracts of lindens (Tilia) and the androecium and 
fruit of the family present the chief peculiarities which call 
for present notice. The bracts of jute (Corchorus) present 
1 Leg’ume < L. legumen, beans, etc., or that which may be gathered 
by hand without cutting < legere, gather. Its sign is Cj >. 
