370 VARIOUS PLANT GROUPS 
achenes. A fruit thus splitting into one-seeded pieces is 
called a schizocarp.' 
The family comprises mostly herbaceous plants rich in muci- 
lage; with flowers often involucellate, seldom fragrant; petals 
convolute and distinct; stamens numerous, monadelphous, 
adhering to the corolla; anthers with only one pollen-sac; styles 
more or less distinct. ! 
117. The mallow order (Malvales) contains several families 
having mostly cymose inflorescences of complete, regular, and 
hypogynous flowers; with the petals distinct (though often ad- 
hering to the pentadelphous or monadelphous stamens) and 
opposite the stamen-groups; and the pistils with axile placente. 
See pages 410, 411 for a typical formula of the order. 
118. The parsley family (Umbellifere). Examples: car- 
rot (Figs. 47-53, pages 55-57), parsnip (Figs. 54, 55, 
page 57), celery (Figs. 78, 79, page 75), parsley (Fig. 138, 
page 140), caraway (Fig. 140, page 142), anise (Figs. 141 I, 
II, page 142), coriander (Figs. 143 I-III, pages 148, 144), 
asafetida (Fig. 168 I, page 175), water hemlock (Fig. 179, 
page 193), and poison hemlock (Figs. 180 I, II, pages 194, 
195). 
See pages 410-413 for formulas of Conium, Carum, Petroselinum, 
Cicuta, Coriandrum, Apium, Pimpernella, Pastinaca, Ferula, 
Daucus, and Umbellifere. 
The name Umbellifere, meaning ‘‘umbrella-bearers,” was 
given to this family because almost all the members have 
inflorescences resembling umbrellas. This form of in-— 
florescence, called an wmbel,? may be likened to a raceme in 
which the internodes of the rachis are suppressed, thus bring- 
ing the bracts, when present, together as an involucre. In 
most of the parsley family, the inflorescence consists of a 
number of little umbels or wmbellules,? arranged in an umbel. 
Usually all the flowers of a cluster are perfect. An interest- 
1 Schiz’o-carp < Gr. schizo, I split; karpos, fruit. Cj <+o. 
2Um’bel < L. uwmbella, diminutive of umbra, shade. I/. 
3 Um’bel-lule < L. wmbeliula, diminutive of umbella. i/. Each um- 
bellule may have a secondary involucre composed of secondary bracts 
which are symbolized by the B? which comes after the B. 
