THE CROWFOOT SERIES 377 
family from which it derives its name. It is distinguished 
from the other orders with monecious inflorescences, staminate 
aments and pistillate heads, by having the perianth leaves or 
the epigynous torus adherent to the bractlets and bract of each, 
and the ovary with but one cavity and one ovule. 
The formula of J uglandales is given on pages 414, 415. 
127. The willow family (Salicacez). Examples: willow 
(Figs. 228 I, II, pages 248, 244) and poplar (Fig. 253, 
page 264). 
Formulas of Populus, Salix, and Salicacee are given on pages 
414, 415, 
Much simpler flowers are here shown than any previously 
mentioned, although scarcely any new features are pre- 
sented. The torus while cup-like in the poplars, is represented 
in the willows by one or two glandular projections which 
secrete nectar. It is plain that a cup divided, or failing to 
develope, at one or two places would be reduced to such flat 
projections. 
A peculiarity of the fruit of both genera is that its two 
carpels dehisce along their dorsal sutures exposing the small 
hairy seeds to the wind. 
This family which contains only the two genera mentioned, 
is composed of woody plants without oil reservoirs, but some- 
times with aromatic resinous secretions; the leaves simple and 
stipulate; the inflorescences amentaceous and diecious; the 
pistil of two carpels with parietal placente; and the fruit a 
capsule with numerous tufted seeds. 
128. The willow order (Salicales) contains only the above 
family. Diccious aments of flowers without perianth but with 
numerous ovules, perigynous (?) torus, and free bracts, distin- 
guish this from the other orders. 
The formula of Salicales is givén on pages 416, 417. 
129. The crowfoot series (Archichlamydez). A general 
view of all the orders which we have thus far studied shows 
them to agree (with but rare exceptions) in having no coales- 
cence among the petals. All the leaf-parts of any flower are 
at first similarly distinct as they arise in the bud. Some- 
