378 VARIOUS PLANT GROUPS 
times petals do not appear at all, but when they do it is as 
distinct projections from the torus, comparable to the first 
rudiments of foliage leaves as they form near the tip of a 
developing shoot. The same is true of sepals, stamens, and 
carpels, as illustrated in Figs. 298, 299 I. If, however, a gam- 
osepalous calyx, a monadelphous andreecium, or a compound 
pistil is to be produced, it happens sooner or later that those 
Fig. 298.—Flower of Rose (Rosa alpina, Rose Family, Rosacew) in early 
stages, cut vertically and enlarged. <A, the sepals (k) are well de- 
veloped, but the petals (c) and the stamens (a) are just appearing as 
minute knobs. 8B, sepals, petals, and stamens further advanced; and 
the pistils (g) just appearing as knobs on the dome of the stem-tip. 
C, later stage. D, still later stage in which the parts are still developing 
in the bud. (Payer.) 
parts of the ring which connect the original projections begin . 
to grow and the distinct parts are carried up on the rim or the 
tip of a tube or united mass of organs. 
Flowers which as they develop retain the original distinct- 
ness of their petals, or which develop none at all, are termed 
archichlamydeous.1 Such flowers, we have seen, characterize 
the crowfoot series which includes all the orders we have 
studied and a number of others resembling them in the pe- 
culiarity noted. 
130. The heath family (Ericacez). Examples: winkeneee 
1 Ar’’chi-chla-myd’e-ous < Gr. archi, first; chlamys, mantle; imply- 
ing that the corolla, likened to a mantle, retains its original condition, 
