380 
Fic. 
VARIOUS PLANT GROUPS 
299, I.—Flower of Oxeye 
(Heliopsis scabra, Sunflower 
Family, Composite). A-N, 
stages in the development of 
a tubular floret, enlarged. A, 
very young stage in which 
the flower (fl) is as yet with- 
out petals but is plainly dis- 
tinguishable from its bract 
(b). B, shows the ringlike 
swelling (k) which represents 
the calyx, and five knobs (c) 
which are the beginnings of 
petals. C, a somewhat more 
advanced stage, just before 
the appearance of stamens. 
D, showing the stamens (a) 
just appearing. H, same 
stage as D, cut vertically. 
F, later stage in which the 
beginnings of two carpels (g) 
appear. G, same stage, 
viewed from the side, show- 
ing that the petals or corolla 
lobes have curved inward 
protectively and are united 
below by a ring of tissue 
which by upward growth be- 
comes the corolla-tube bear- 
ing the five lobes above. H, 
same stage, cut vertically; 
showing the upward growth 
of the carpels (g) leaving a 
hollow in the stem-tip (torus). 
J, later stage, cut vertically 
through the middle of the 
carpels (g) showing a deepen- 
ing of the hollow in the torus. 
K, bud of middle age, show- 
ing the corolla-tube (c) with 
its five lobes well developed, 
and lower part of the pistil 
(g), enveloped by the torus, 
becoming plA&inly distinct as 
an “inferior ovary.” JL, a 
somewhat later stage, cut ver- 
tically, showing the appear- 
ance of two styles (s), still dis- 
tinct, and a young ovule (0) 
with its outer coat half-grown. M, bud almost ready to open; the two 
styles having grown into one (s); the anthers (a) joined into a tube; 
the sepals (k) distinct prominences on the top of the torus, a nectar- 
gland (d); and the ovule (0) completely formed. N, Tubular floret, 
open, showing anther-tube (a), corolla-tube (c), and inferior ovary (g). 
O-S, stages in the growth of a ray-floret. O, very early stage in which 
five petal-lobes appear, three of which, however, are distinctly larger 
than the other two. P, later stage in which the three larger lobes (c) 
have become much larger, while the two smaller ones have remained 
undeveloped. Q, ray-floret about half-grown, showing two of the 
three petal-lobes separate to the base. R, same, cut vertically between 
the tyo separate petals, showing the union of the middle one (at the 
