450 KINSHIP AND ADAPTATION 
had inherited most fully their toughness would gain a feot- 
hold where the less favored of their fellows could not survive, 
and, since the adversities of the new environment would try 
them more and more as they grew older, only the very tough- 
est of them could produce seed. Still it might fairly be sup- 
posed that a few, at least, would do so. Most of these seeds 
would fall on the drier soil, the seedlings therefore would 
similarly compete, and the winners be selected from among 
the very toughest. Such rigorous selection might be expected 
to insure a progressive toughening in successive generations 
of drought-defying plants, and a continuation of the process 
might be expected to result in a gradual invasion of the 
drier spaces by much toughened descendants of the moisture- — 
loving form. Once accustomed to the drier soil they would 
have become less fitted for a wet locality and their progeny 
would consequently be excluded from the old home. During 
the gradual adaptation of the new form to its drier environ- 
ment, the individuals might acquire more or less adaptative 
peculiarities and so far as the toughness was not impaired 
thereby, these new features would be permitted by natural 
selection and might appear in successive generations just as 
if they were inherited. From marsh-marigold-like ancestors 
might thus evolve primitive anemonies through the indirect 
effect of drier conditions acting along the same lines and 
producing the same results as Lamarckians maintain would 
come from the direct effect of the same environment. During 
their evolution these anemonies might become differentiated 
into sun-loving and shade-loving species by the survival of 
those individuals best fitted to grow in sun or shade respec- 
tively. Success in the dry open fields would be favored by 
having the leaves lie next to the ground, so as to avoid as 
much as possible the withering effect of drying breezes, while 
in the shade it would be advantageous to have the leaves 
elevated so as to catch the light. This may account for the 
occurrence of ground rosettes in the anemonies of the open. 
and the prevalence of raised rosettes, borne upon an elevated 
lower internode, in anemonies of the wood. ‘These latter 
might similarly be differentiated through natural selection 
into shade-enduring anemonies on the one hand, and climb- 
