544 LIFE-HISTORIES 
relatively much greater stem-development, and in having the leaf- 
members whorled, the sac-leaves in cones, and the spores with elaters. 
194. The club-mosses (Class Lycopodine) are well typi- 
fied by Lycopodium (Fig. 166) which is popularly regarded 
as a kind of ‘‘moss” because of the general resemblance of 
the leaves and stems, in form and proportionate develop- 
ment, to the pseudo-leaves and pseudo-stems of many true 
mosses. 
Fic. 372.—Club-moss (Lycopodium sp., see Fig. 166.) A, gametophyte (8§), 
showing archegonia (ar) and antheridia (an). B, old gametophyte (p) 
nursing a young sporophyte, 32. C, antheridium (29%) almost ready 
to discharge its spermatazoids. D, archegonium, cut vertically to show 
the egg-cells (0), the upper canal-cells dissolved into mucilage (he), 
and the lower canal-cell (bc), 292. (Treub.) 
The gametophyte (Fig. 372) is bisexual and massive, as in the 
adder-tongues, and mostly saprophytic; and the embryo resembles 
that of a fern in having but a single cotyledon. Its development is 
essentially like that of the next type to be described. 
The stem often forks but shows no secondary thickening. 
The leaves are unbranched, and in some species are all much 
alike, while in other cases the sac-leaves are smaller than the 
foliage leaves, are crowded into cones, and serve chiefly as 
protective scales for the sporangia. Each sac-leaf bears but 
a single spore-case on its upper surface near the base. There 
are no elaters. 
