588 
INDEX 
All numbers refer to pages, heavy type indicating illustrations. 
Floral envelops, 319 
Floral organs, adhesion of, 365; 
arrangements for pollination, 
557 
Floral organs, alternate, 350, 354; 
coalescent, 350; distinct, 350, 
354; epigynous, 365; free, 350, 
354; hypogynous, 350; inser- 
tion of, 349; opposite, 368; par- 
tially coalescent, 354; perigy- 
nous, 350 
Florets, 380 
Flower, 319, 557 
Flower-cluster, 343 
Flower in the crannied wall, 576 
Flower, parts of: androecium, 346; 
anther, 12, 14; calyx, 29; car- 
pel, 346; corolla, 43; epicalyx, 
364; essential organs, 13, 43; 
filament, 12, 14; funicle, 346; 
gyneecium, 346; keel, 48; mi- 
cropyle, 346; nectar, 29; nectar- 
gland, 29; nectar-leaves, 348; 
ovary, 12, 14, 345; ovule, 12, 
14, 346; pappus, 386; perianth, 
43; petal, 42, 348; pistil, 11, 14, 
345; placenta, 346; raphe, 346; 
receptacle, 349, 385; sepal, 29; 
silk, 24; stamen, 12, 14; stami- 
nodes, 348; standard, 48; stigma, 
12, 14, 345; style, 12, 14, 345; 
torus, 349, 350; wings, 48 
Flowering plants, 393, 396, 397; 
evolution of, 559 
Flowers, attractions of, 557 
Flowers, apetalous, 349; archichla- 
mydeous, 378; axillary, 345; 
clustered, 352; complete, 42, 
349; compound, 385; double, 
347; epigynous, 365; imperfect, 
13, 347; irregular, 349, 354; 
metachlamydeous, 386; neutral, 
371; perfect, 13, 347, 353; pis- 
tillate, 347; polygamous, 347; 
regular, 354; resupinate, 391; 
rudimentary, 13, 14; solitary, 
* 345; solitary axillary, 352; soli- 
tary terminal, 352; staminate, 
347 
Fluctuating variations, 448, 455 
Flux, 288 
Fly-amanita, 215, 217 
Fly-poison, 217 
Fodder, 303 
Foliage, as a sunbeam-trap, 302; 
main work of, 85 
Foliage-plants, 303 
Follicle, 351 
Fomes fomentarius, Amadou 
Food, 128; as fuel and building ma- 
terial, 114; chart, 114; favorite 
combinations, 119 
Food-adjuncts, 128, 159, 302 
Food-making, 74 
Food-plants, 122; classes of, 35; 
native home and culture period, 
120, 121 : 
Food-products, miscellaneous, 91 
Foods, 302; vegetable, 113; vege- 
table versus animal, 119 
Foot of sporophyte, 517, 538 
Footstalk, 336 
a effect on water-supply, 
04 
Form blocks, 263 
Formative material, 254, 320 
Formulas, plant, 352; of seed- 
plants, 404-427 
Fossil, botany, 10; club-moss, 301; 
ferns, 534; scale-tree, 301 
Fossils, 432 
Fountain pens, 284 
Foxglove, 204, 208, 382, 416, 417 
Fox-grape, 125 
Fragaria spp., Strawberry 
Frazinus americana, White Ash 
Free-branching Sheath-alga, 483 
Free floral organs, 350, 354 
Free will, 568, 569 
French Rose, 150 
Fruit, 12, 319, 350; cone-like, 374; 
dehiscent, 351; drupaceous, 365; 
dry, 351; fleshy, 351; indehis- 
cent, 351 
Fruit-body, 500, 501, 502 
Fruit, parts of: aril, 213, 393; 
burr, 38; chaff, 11; grain, 12; 
husk, 11, 12; kernel, 11; peri- 
carp, 351; pit, 89; seed, 350; 
stone, 89, 364; suture, 351 
Fruits, 35, 88: achene, 351, 386; 
berry, 351; berry-like, 392; cap- 
sule, 351; caryopsis, 388; cremo- 
carp, 371; cupule, 375; drupa- 
