506 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
German, Stechpalme, Stecheiche, Stechbaum, Stechlaub, Hulse, Hulsenbaum, Hulsenstrauch, 
Hulzt, Hulchs, Holst, Habze, Hullgenolz, Myrtendom, Christdorn, Mausdorn, Zwieseldorn, 
Kleezebusch, Stechapsel, Stechwinde, Waldistel. 
Danish. Stikpalme, Maretorn, Christorn, Skoutisdel. 
Swedish. Jernek, Chirsttorn. 
French. Le Houx, le grand Housson, l’Agron grand Pardon, and Bois France. 
Italian. Agrifolio, Alloro spinoso. 
Spanish, Acebo, Agrifolio, 
Portuguese. Azevinho, Agrifolio, Acrifolio, Aginfolio. 
Russian. Waefoscheld, Ostrokof, Padub. 
Dutch. Schubbig hardkelk. 
Engravings. Smith, Eng. Bot., t. 496.; Mill. Icon. 46.; Blackw. Icon., t. 205.; and the plate of 
the species in our Second Volume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves oblong, shining, wavy, spiny-toothed. Peduncles 
axillary. Flowers nearly umbellate. A handsome, conical, evergreen tree, a 
native of Europe, growing to the height of 30 ft. in a wild state, and to 
twice that height or upwards in a state of cultivation. The flowers are white, 
and appear in May; and the fruit is red, ripening in September, and re- 
maining on the tree all the winter. The lower leaves are very spinous ; 
while the upper ones, especially on old trees, are entire. ‘ 
Varieties. In general the variegation of plants, more especially of trees and 
shrubs, is accompanied by a ragged, or otherwise unhealthy, appearance 
in the leaves; but the holly is one of the very few exceptions to this rule. 
The variegations of the holly are chiefly confined to the modification of 
white and yellow in the leaves; but there are some sorts in which the 
variation results from the state of the leaves with reference to prickles, to 
magnitude, and to form; and others consist of differences in the colour 
of the fruit, which is red, yellow, or white, and, according to some, black. 
All the varieties have been selected by gardeners from sports, or accidental 
deviations, from the central form and colour, detected in wild plants, or in 
plants in a state of cultivation. One of the most assiduous gardeners in 
collecting these varieties, according to Collinson, was Wrench of Fulham, 
who lived in the latter part of the reign of Charles II., and who planted 
the elm trees in St. James’s Park. The collections of hollies in the time 
of Miller appear, from his lists, to have been more extensive, and to have 
been attended to with much more care, than they are at present; the wish 
being now more for species than varieties. The best garden collection of 
hollies in the neighbourhood of London is that in the arboretum of the 
Messrs. Loddiges; of which we shall give a classification below. The 
following sorts are purchasable in the London nurseries, exclusive of 
twenty or thirty subvarieties, differing in the degrees of variation of yellow 
or white blotches in the leaves. These subvarieties are, for the most 
part, without names, and are sold as yellow variegated or white variegated 
hollies of sorts. Of these subvarieties there are forty or fifty sorts 
from 6 ft. to 10ft. high, all planted adjoining each other in the arbo- 
retum of the Messrs. Loddiges. Thirty-one varieties are described in the 
Nouveau Du Hamel, chiefly taken from Miller’s Catalogue ; but many of 
these varieties are no longer to be found in British nurseries. It is curious 
to look over the lists of the names of variegated hollies, which have been 
given in nurserymen’s catalogues and garden books, from the time of Lon- 
don and Wise to the present day. In former times, as at present, the name 
given to any new variety was either that of the person who originated it, or 
that of the place where it was first raised; so that these lists present a 
sort of chronological history of nurserymen and nurseries, commencing 
with Wrench’s Phyllis and Bridgman’s yellow, named after persons, and 
terminating with the recent Irish varieties, Ballybeg and Ballyarthur hollies, 
lately sent to the London Horticultural Society, and named after places. 
The varieties in the following groups appear to us to be all that are truly 
distinct ; but the shades of difference under each name in these groups are 
almost innumerable. 
A. Varieties designated from the Form, Magnitude, Thickness, Surface, or 
Margin of the Leaf. 
# 1. A. 2 heterophyjllum Hort. The various-leaved common Holly, 
