526 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. “PART II. 
#2 3. Z. spr‘na-Curv’stz Willd. Christ’s Thorn Jujube. 
Identification. Willd. Spec., 1. p. 1105. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 20.; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 24. 
Synonymes. Rhamnus spina-Christz Lin. Spec., 282., Desf. Fl Atl, 1. p. 201. _Hhamnus Nabéca 
Forsk. Zgypt., 204., but not of Lin.; Z. africana Mill. Dict., No. 4.; Z. ;Napéca Lam. Dict., 
3. p. 320.; Ndbca Alp. Eg., 2. t. 4. p. 10. ; CEndplia spindsa Bauh. Pin., 477. Ger. Emac. Append., 
t. 1605. ; Christkronen Judendorn, Ger. 
Engravings. Alp. Eg., 2. t. 4. p.10.; Ger. Emac. Append., t. 1605. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves ovate, obtuse, toothed, glabrous, or, beneath, pubescent. Prickles twin, 
spreading, one straight, the other rather incurved. Flowers disposed upon peduncles, that are 
corymbosely divided, and villosely tomentose. _Drupes ovate-globose. Inhabits the north of 
Africa and Palestine. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 20.) A deciduous shrub, growing tothe height of 8 ft. 
in the north of Africa, in Palestine, in Ethiopia, and in Egypt. Introducedin 1759. The flowers 
are yellowish green ; the fruit oblong, about the size of a sloe, with a pleasant subacid taste, and 
used as food by the inhabitants of Egypt and Arabia. Hasselquist thinks that this is the tree 
from which the crown of thorns was taken which was put on the head of our Saviour during the 
crucifixion ; but the more general opinion is in favour of Palitrus aculeatus. Linnzus raised it 
from seeds sent by Hasselquist, and Miller cultivated it, in 1759, from seeds ; but we have never 
seen the plant, and do not know whether it is now to be procured in England. 
Variety. 
% Z. S. 2 inérmis Dec. Prod., il. p.20.—This has no prickles, and its 
leaves are larger, and very obtuse. 
¥ 4. Z.1ncu’RvA Roxb. The incurved-spined Jujube. 
Identification. Roxb. FI. Ind., 2. p. 364.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 20.; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 25. 
Synonyme. Z. paniculata Hamilt. MSS. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves oval, obtusely acuminate, crenulate, 5-nerved, oblique at the base. Petioles 
and nerves pubescent. Prickles solitary, or twin, with one incurved. Flowers with the style parted 
half-way down, disposed in bifid peduncled cymes. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 20.) A tree growing to the 
height of 20 ft, ; a native of Upper Nepal, and introduced:in 1823, ‘The flowers are of a yellowish 
green, and appear in August and September: they are succeeded by small, round, dark purple 
fruit. We have never seen the plant. 
25. Z.FLEXxuO'sA Wall. The flexible Jujube. 
Identification. Wall. in Fl. Ind., 2. p.365.; Don’s Mill, 2. p. 25. - 
Spec. Char., §c. A smooth shrub, with spiny flexible branches, and unarmed straight branchlets. 
Prickles twin, one very long and straight, the other recurved. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse, crenate, 
smooth. Flowers axillary, usually solitary. Style deeply bifid. (Don’s Mill., ii. p. 25.) A native 
of Nepal, where it grows to the height of 8ft. It is considered an elegant plant, with mahogany- 
coloured prickles, and solitary yellowish flowers, rather large. It was introduced in 1820; but we 
have not seen the plant. 
App. i. Half-hardy Species of Zizyphus already introduced. 
Z. Lotus Lam., the Rhamnus Lotus of Linnzus, (Desf. Act. 
Par., 1788, t.21.; Shaw’s Afr., No. 652.'f. 632.; and our jig, 194.) the 194 
lotos of the Lotophagi, is a deciduous shrub, from 3 ft. to 4ft. in 
height, of considerable interest, and eminently deserving of a 
place against a conservative wall. It is a native of Persia, and 
of the interior of Africa, especially of the kingdom of Tunis, in a 
tract called Jereed, which was formerly the country of the Lo- 
tophagi. It has the habit of the Rhamnus, and the flowers of < 
the common jujube; but the fruits are smaller, rounder, and 
sweeter, being about the size of sloes, and containing large 
stones: they are borne on every part of the plant like goose- 
berries, and have a purplish tinge. The farinaceous pulp is se= 
parated-from the stone, and laid by for winter use. Its flavour 
approaches nearly to that of figs or dates. A kind of wine is 
made from the fruit by expressing the juice, and diluting it 
with water; but it will not keep more than a few days. The 
natives of some parts of Africa convert the fruits into a sort of 
bread, by exposing them for some days to the sun, and after- 
wards pounding them gently in a wooden mortar, until the 
farinaceous part is separated from the stones. The meal 
thus produced is then mixed with a little water, and formed into cakes, which, when dried in 
the sun, resemble in colour and flavour the sweetest gingerbread. The stones are afterwards put 
into a vessel of water, and shaken about, so as to separate the farina which may still adhere to them. 
This communicates a sweet and agreeable taste to the water ; and, with the addition of alittle pounded 
millet, it forms a pleasant liquor, called fondi, which is the common breakfast, in many parts of 
Ludamar, during the months of February and March. The fruit is collected by spreading a cloth 
upon the ground, and _ beating the branches with astick. The lotos of the Lotophagi must not be 
confounded with the Egyptian lotos, whichis the Nymphz‘a Lotus ; with the lotos of Homer and Dios- 
corides, which is a species of Trifolium ; with the lotos of Hippocrates, which is the Céltis australis ; 
or with the Italian lotos, which is the Diospyros Lotus. (Don’s Miil., ii., p. 24.) Plants of this species 
were introduced into Britain in 1731; but they are rarely to be met with, and, when they are, they 
are treated as frame plants. Plants might probably be obtained from Italy, or from the French colo- 
nial garden at Algiers. 
_ Z. nitida Roxb. is a native of China, introduced in 1822, The fruit is lin. long, pale yellow when 
ripe, and edible; the root produces innumerable suckers, which run to a great distance from the 
parent tree. This species is recorded as a green-house plant, but will probably prove half-hardy. 
Z. parvifolia Del. (Voy. from Egypt) is a hardy’species, not yet introduced. Z. mucronata Willd, is 
a Cape species. Z. glabra Roxb, is a native of the East Indies. Z. @néplia Mill., Z. tomentdsa Roxb., 

