CHAP. XXXV. RHAMNACEX. PALIU‘RUS. 527 
and Z. dlbens Roxb. are also natives of the East Indies. Z, agréstis Schult. and Z. Vt Sr Schult. 
are natives of the north of China; and Z. capénsis is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. All these 
species being deciduous, we have no doubt that, if once introduced, and tried in very dry soil, against 
a conservative wall, they would be found half-hardy. — eit cis : 
Z. Jijuba,Lam. Dict., iii. p. 313., Rhamnus Jijuba Lin. Spec., 282., the wild jujube, a tree growing to 
the height of 16 ft. in India, and cultivated in China and Cochin-China, was introduced into England in 
1759, but, as far as we know, is now lost, It is figured and described by Rumphius (4mb., ii. t. 56.), and by 
Rheede (Mal., iv. t. 41.) ; and the following notice respecting it is in Don’s Miller :—Leaves obliquely 
ovate, serrated, downy below, as well as the young branches, hoary. Prickles twin, the one recurved, 
the other straight. Corymbs axillary, almost sessile. Flowers greenish yellow. Drupe globular, size of 
a large cherry, smooth and yellow when ripe, contaiping a 2-celled, 1-seeded nut. There is a variety 
of this, or a new species, in the East Indies, which produces excellent fruit, of a long form, about 
the size of ahen’s egg, known by the name of narrikellekool in Bengal. The fruit of both varieties 
is eaten by all classes of persons: it is sweet aud mealy. The bark of the tree is said to be used in 
the Moluccas in diarrheea, and to fortify the stomach ; which seems to confirm the general opinion 
entertained of the astringent properties of the bark of most of the species of this order. (Don's 
Miil., ii. p. 26.) This species, though marked as a green-house plant, will doubtless thrive in the open 
air, in the warmest parts of the south of England ; but we have introduced it here, because we think 
it and Zizyphus Lotus likely to be desirable fruit-shrubs for Australia, the Cape, and the Himalayas. 
Highly improved varieties of both species, age fruit as different from that which they now 
bear, as the Lancashire gooseberry is from the gooseberry of the woods of Switzerland or Calitornia, 
might probably be obtained by selection and cultivation. : t 
Various species of Zizyphus are found in the Himalayas; some of which, growing on the higher 
parts of the mountains, may probably be found hardy. (See Royle’s Ilust., p. 168.) Im the garden 
of the Horticultural Society there is an unnamed species, which has stood two winters against a wall 
without any protection. 
Genus II. 
lal 
PALIU‘RUS L. Tue Patiurus, or Canist’s THoRN. Lin. Syst. Pentandria 
Trigfnia. 
Identification. Tourn. Inst., t.386.; D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., p. 189.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 22.; Don's 
Mill., 2. p. 23.; Brongn. Mém. Rham., p. 46. 
Synonymes. Palitre, Porte-chapeau, Fr. 
erivation. From palld,to move, and ouron, urine; in allusion to its diuretic qualities; or from 
Paliurus, the name of a town in Africa; now called Nabil. 
% 1. P.acuLea‘tus Lam. The prickly Paliurus, or Christ’s Thorn. 
Identification, Lam, Ill., t. 210.; Fl. Fr., ed. 3., No. 4081.; N. Du Ham., 3. t.17. ; Don's Mill. ,2. p. 23. 
Synonymes. P. pétasus Dum. Cours., 6. p. 266.; P. australis Gert. Fruct., 1. t.43. £5.; P, 
vulgaris D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., 189. ; Rhamnus Paliirus Lin. Spec., 281. ; Zizyphus Palidtrus Willd, 
Spec., 1. p. 1183., Sims Bot. Mag., t. 1893. ; Christ’s Thorn, or Ram of Libya Gerard. ; E’pine de 
Christ, Argalon, Porte-chapeau, Fr.; gefliigelter Judendorn, Ger. 
Engravings. Lam. Ill, t. 210.; N. Duh., 3. t. 17.; Gert. Fruct., 1. t. 43. f. 5.; Bot. Mag., t. 1893. ; 
. of Pl., No. 2896. ; our fig.195. ; and_the plates of this species, both in a young and an old state, 
in our Second Volume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate, 
serrulated, quite smooth, 3-nerved, with two spines 
at the base, one straight, the other recurved. Flowers 
in axillary crowded umbellules ; few in an umbellule. 
Wing of capsule crenated. (Don’s Mill., ii. p. 23.) A 
branching deciduous shrub, or low tree; a native of 
the south of Europe, and north and west of Asia, 
and introduced in 1596. The flowers, which are pro- 
duced in great abundance, are of a greenish yellow, 
and they are succeeded by fruit of a buckler shape, 
flat and thin, but coriaceous. From the singular ap- 
pearance of this fruit, which has the footstalk at- 
tached to the middle, which is raised like the crown of a hat, and the 
flattened disk, which resembles its brim, the French have given this tree 
the name of porte-chapeau. On both shores of the Mediterranean, it 
grows to about the same height as the common hawthorn. In the 
south of Russia, according to Pallas, it forms a bushy tree, with numerous 
branches, thickiy clothed with prickles, coming out in pairs at the buds, one 
of them bent back, and both very sharp. It is found on the hills near the 
Lake of Baikal, particularly near warm springs; it is also found in the south 
of Caucasus and Georgia, and in the woody mountains of Taurida, where it 
renders some parts of them almost impervious. In many parts of Italy 
oo 

