CHAP. XXXV. RHAMNA CE. RHA’MNUS. 533 
% 7. R,inFecTO'rk1us L. The staining Buckthorn, or Avignon Berry. 
Identification. Lin. Mant., 49.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 24. ; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 31. 
Synonymes. Rhamnus Lycium Scop. Carn. ed. 2. n. 260.; dwarf, or yellow-berried, Buckthorn ; 
Nerprun des Teinturiers, Graine d’Avignon, Nerprun teignant, Fy. ; Farbender Wegdorn, Ger. 
Engravings. Ard, Mém., 78. t. 14.; and our jig. 200. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, 
smoothish. Flowers dicecious, bearing petals in 
both sexes. (Don’s Miil., ii. p. 31.) _A-deciduous, 
sub-procumbent shrub; a native of the south of 
Europe, in rocky places; common about Avignon, 
and the Vaucluse; whence the name Avignon 
berry. Introduced in 1683. The root fixes itself 
so firmly in the fissures of the rocks, that the 
plant can scarcely be pulled up. The stem divides 
immediately into branches, that are very much sub- 
divided, and form a very close head, the shoots having numerous spines, 
both terminating and lateral. The flowers are numerous, and the berries 
3-celled, and black when ripe. In England, the berries are very seldom 
produced. According to the first edition of Du Hamel, the berries of this 
species were gathered green, and used for producing a yellow colour by 
dyers and painters. Miller says that this is a mistake, and that the Avignon 
berries alluded to by Du Hamel are those of the narrow-leaved alaternus, 
one of the most common shrubs in the south of France. In the Nowveax 
Du Hamel, this assertion of Miller’s is noticed, together with one of Hal- 
ler’s, who says that the Avignon berries are gathered from the R, saxatilis. 
The writer remarks that the berries are now very little used, and that, 
as all the three species abound in the south of France, and the berries 
of all of them dye yellow, the Avignon berries were probably gathered 
from all, or any, of them indiscriminately. The berries are used for dyeing 
leather yellow; and the Turkey leather, or yellow morocco, is generally 
supposed to be coloured by them. ‘There are plants of this species in the 
arboretums of Messrs. Loddiges and the London Horticultural Society. 
The latter had, in 1834, attained the height of 6 ft., forming a very hand- 
some bush. 
200 

« 8. R saxa’titis LZ. The Stone Buckthorn. 
Identification. Lin. Sp., 1671. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 24.; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 31. 
Synonymes. R. longifdlius Mill. Dict. ; Stein Wegdorn, Ger. 
Engravings. Jacq, Austr., t.43.; and our fig. 201. 
Spec. Char., §c. Procumbent, or erectish. 
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulated,smooth- 
ish. Flowers dicecious, female ones des- 
titute of petals. (Don’s Mill, ii. p. 31.) () 
A procumbent deciduous shrub, native of 
the south of Europe, among rocks, in Aus- 
tria, Switzerland, Italy, and Greece. In- 
troduced in 1752. The flowers are of a 
greenish yellow, and appear in June and 
July. The berries are black, containing 
three whitish seeds, each enclosed in a dry 
whitish membrane, separating into two parts with elastic force. The 
berries are supposed to be used for the same purposes as those of #. in- 
fectorius, and R. tinctorius, for which they are often sold. Neither this 
nor the preceding species can be considered as ornamental in itself; 
but both are well adapted for planting among rocks, either natural or 
artificial. In garden scenery, where natural rocks occur, and where it 
is desirable that they should be retained, the only legitimate mode of ren- 
dering them gardenesque is, by clothing them, or varying them with showy 
flowering plants, ligneous or herbaceous. 
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