CHAP. XXXKVIII. “ANACARDIA‘CEE. PISTA CIA. 547 
and somewhat furrowed; at first green, and afterwards reddish; but black, 
or of a yery dark blue, when ripe. The leaves and flowers emit a very 
resinous odour, which spreads to a considerable distance, more especially at 
sunset, when the dew is falling, after a very warm day. Gerard, in describing 
this tree, says that its kernel is “ clammie, full of fat, and oilous in substance, 
and of a pleasant savour. This plant beareth an empty cod, or crooked horne, 
somewhat reddish, wherein are found small flies, wormes, or gnats, bred and 
ingendered of a certaine humorous matter, which cleaveth to the inner sides of 
the said cods or hornes; which wormes have no physicall use at all.” (Johnson’s 
Gerard, p. 1434.) Exceedingly good figures of the male and female trees 
are given by Gerard, in which the pods, or horns, produced by the insect (a 
species of Cynips) when depositing its eggs, are exhibited as about the same 
length as the leaves. Oliver states that these excrescences contain a small 
portion of very limpid and odoriferous resin, The turpentine is procured 
from the P. Terebinthus, by making numerous slight incisions in the trunk 
and principal branches, from the ground as high up the trunk as a man can 
reach, from the 15th to the 20th of July, according to the Greek calendar. 
The terebinth oozes out of the wounds made in the bark, and, in a few days, 
becomes hard and dry by exposure to the air; as in the case of the resins 
produced by the pine tribe, and with resins generally. The colour is a bluish 
or greenish white. It is collected every morning from the wounds in the 
trees with a spatula; and is purified from any extraneous matters that may 
have stuck to it, by liquefaction by solar heat, and by passing it through a 
sieve. The largest trees, of 50 or 60 years’ growth, with trunks 4 ft. or 5 ft. 
in circumference, do not yield above 10 oz. or 12 oz. annually: hence the 
high price of the article, and its adulteration with Venice turpentine, which 
is produced from the larch ; or with common turpentine, which is drawn from 
the Scotch pine. The terebinth which is pure is called the Chian, or 
Cyprus turpentine (from Chios, the ancient name of Scio); and, when una- 
dulterated, it is known from the common turpentine by being thicker, and 
possessing a far more agreeable odour ; it is also destitute of bitterness and 
acridity. 
In consequence of the small quantity of terebinth produced by the trees in 
Scio, a correspondent of Du Hamel’s suggests the idea of grafting the P. vera, 
or edible-fruit-bearing species, on the upper parts of trees of P. Terebinthus, 
in order to render them more profitable, He states that he has seen this done 
in a garden at Naples, and that the fruit was much larger and better than it 
was on those trees which had not been grafted; while the stocks produced as 
much resin as the ungrafted plants of the same species. In British gardens, 
the tree is not very common: the largest specimen that we know of it 
is a female plant, in the north-east corner of the Chelsea Botanic Garden, 
22 ft. high, that flowers every year, and produces fruit, which, though not fecun- 
dated, attains the size of small peas. This species is generally considered as 
the hardiest of the genus, and, with P. vera, may be planted in warm sheltered 
situations in the open border. 
2 3. P. Lenti’scus Lin. The Mastich Tree. 
Identification. Lin, Spec., 1455. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 65. ; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 66. 
Engravings. Woody. Med. Bot., t. 152.; Black, t. 195.; Duh. Arb., ed. nov., 4, t. 18.; and our 
Sig. 222. 
Spec. Char., §c. Evergreen. Leaves abruptly pinnate; the leaflets 8, lan- 
ceolate ; the petiole winged. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 65.) A native of Southern 
Europe, Northern Africa, and the Levant. 
Varieties. ; 
2 P. L. 2 angustifolia Dec., P. massiliénsis Mill. Dict., P. angustifolia 
massiliénsis Jowrn., has leaflets almost linear, and the tree seldom 
exceeds 10 ft. in height. 
2 P.L.3 chia N. Du Ham., iv. p.72., P. chia Desf. Cat, Hort. Par., a 
native of Scio, where it produces the mastich, 
EP Eye 
